Royal Spanish ACADEMY at Madrid, has for its object the cultivation of the Castilian tongue, and was established in 1714 by the Duke d'Escalona, with the approbation of the King of Spain. It consists of twenty-four academists, including the director and secretary.
In Portugal, John V. founded an historical academy at Lisbon, in the year 1720, for collecting and ascertaining the history of his own dominions. It consists of fifty members, a director, four censors, and a secretary.
In Germany, they have the Academy of Naturæ Curiosi, otherwise called the Leopoldine Academy, founded in 1652 by Jo. Laur. Baufsch a physician, and, in 1670, taken under the protection of the Emperor Leopold. The design of this society was to promote medical knowledge. They began in 1684 to publish their observations, under the title of Eptemerides; which publication has been continued annually, with some interruptions, and under different titles. This academy consists of a president, two adjuncts or secretaries, and colleagues or members without limitation.