DUKE is either the title of a sovereign prince, as the duke of Savoy, Parma, &c. the grand duke of Tuscany, Muscovy, &c. or it is the title of honour and nobility next below princes. The commanders of armies in time of war, the governors of provinces and wardens of marches in times of peace, were called duces under the later emperors. The Goths and Vandals divided all Gaul into duchies and counties, the governors of which they sometimes call duces, and sometimes comites. In France, under the second race of kings, though they retained the name and form of ducal government, there were scarce any dukes except those of Burgundy, Aquitain, and France. In England, among the Saxons, the commanders of armies, &c. were called dukes, duces, without any addition, till Edward III. made his son, the Black Prince, duke of Cornwall; after whom there were more made in the same manner, the title descending to their posterity. Duke then, at present, is a mere title of dignity, without giving any domain, territory, or jurisdiction over the place from whence the title is taken. A duke is created by patent, cinchure of sword, mantle of state, imposition of a cap and coronet of gold on his head, and a verge of gold put into his hand. His title is Grace; and, in the style of the heralds, Most high, potent, high-born, and noble prince.