TREVES, an archbishopric of Germany; lies between Cologne, Berg, and Juliers on the north, Lorraine and the Palatinate on the south, Luxemburg on the west, and the Wetterau on the east. Its extent from south to north is about 80 miles; but its breadth is very unequal. On the banks of the Rhine and Moselle, the country is populous, and fruitful in corn and wine; but elsewhere mountainous and woody, yet abounding in game, and in metals and minerals of various kinds. It is watered not only by the Rhine and Moselle, but also by the Saar and Kyll, and contains 28 towns. The states consist of the prelates or abbots, with the representatives of the clergy, and of certain towns. The inhabitants are all Papists, except in such places as the elector possesses in common with other princes, where there are some Protestants. Under the archbishop are five archdeacons, and, subordinate to these, 20 provincial deans. The church of Treves, is commonly accounted the most ancient of Germany. The chapter which elects the archbishop from among themselves, and makes him swear to a capitulation, consists of 16 capitulary canons, who are all of noble extraction, besides 24 others, who are domiciled. At every new election, the pope receives large sums for confirmation, the pallium, and for annats. The archiepiscopal title is, By the grace of God, archbishop of Treves, of the holy Roman empire throughout Gaul and the kingdom of Arles, arch-chancellor and elector, and also administrator of Prum. He is the second elector in rank, and at the election of an emperor has the first voice. His matricular assessment is 26 horse and two-thirds, and 122 foot two-thirds, or 806 florins 40 kruitzers. In the diets of the circle he has the second place, and nominates one assessor of the chamber judiciary, towards the maintenance of which he contributes, each term, 811 rix-dollars 58 kruitzers. The tolls on the Moselle and Rhine, his demesnes, and his office of noble guardian of the minors, with the taxes he lays on his subjects, are supposed to bring him in about 70,000 per annum. For the government of this electorate and the administration of justice, besides the regency and revision-court, there are the two aulic judiciaries, to which appeals lie from the inferior courts. There are also two spiritual high-courts. The hereditary officers are the marshal, the chamberlain, the sewer, and cupbearer. Among other prerogatives, this elector has power to banish excommunicated persons out of the empire if they do not reconcile themselves to the church within a year, and to take possession of the estates of minors till they are of age. He has also a right to reunite all the fiefs of his diocese, upon failure of heirs, to the domains of his church. His
Treves, Trial. subjects may appeal to the chamber of the empire in all causes above a thousand florins. The regular troops he maintains, besides a militia, amount to between 1100 and 1200, besides a life-guard of 40 men.
TREVES or TRIERS, in Latin Trevera, Trevers, Treviris, or Augusta Trevirorum, the capital of a German archbishopric of the same name; stands 60 miles west of Mainz, 52 south of Cologne, and 82 north Strasburg. This city vies with most in Europe for antiquity, having been a large and noted town before Augustus settled a colony in it. It was free and imperial till the year 1560, when it was surprised and subjected by its archbishop James III. It stands on the Moselle, over which it has a fair stone bridge. The cathedral is a large building; and near it stands the elector's palace, which not long ago was rebuilt. Here are three collegiate and five parish-churches, three colleges of Jesuits, thirteen monasteries and nunneries, an university founded in 1472, a house of the Teutonic order, and another of that of Malta, with some remains of the ancient Roman theatre. Roman coins and medals are often found in the ruins of the old city. In the cathedral they pretend to have our Saviour's coat and St. Peter's staff, to which they ascribe miracles. The private houses here are mean; and the city is neither well fortified, nor inhabited. E. Long. 6. 10. N. Lat. 49. 58.