LONG. adj. A relative term, denoting the distance between the extremes of any body, which is extended more in one of its geometrical dimensions than another. Opposed to short.
1. This term may be applied to all inanimate objects, of whatever kind, whose dimensions in one way exceeds the other, and when not in an erect posture, whatever be the other circumstances attending them; whether it relates to superficies alone, or to solid bodies; whether these be bounded or open, straight or crooked, flexible or rigid, or in any other circumstances whatever: thus we say, a long or short line, a long or short ridge, street, ditch, rope, chain, staff, &c. But it is to be observed, that although long is in the strict sense only opposed to short; yet as it expresses the extension of matter in one of its geometrical proportions, it is often contrasted by those words which express the other proportions when we mean only to describe the several proportions: as, a table long and broad. And as these several dimensions are expressed by different words, according to the various forms, modifications, and circumstances, in which bodies are found, therefore it is in this sense contrasted by a great diversity of terms: as, a long and broad or wide, narrow or strait, street or lane; a long and thick, or small, rope, chain, staff. For the distinctions in these cases, see BROAD, WIDE, &c.
2. Objects necessarily fixed in an erect position can never have this term applied to them; and therefore we cannot say a long, but a high, tower or steeple. And for the same reason, while trees are growing and fixed in an erect position, we cannot apply this term to them; but when they are fell-
ed and laid upon the ground, it is quite proper and necessary. Thus, we do not say a long, but a tall or high tree, while it is growing; but we say a long, not a tall log of wood: and in the same manner we say a tall mast, when it is fixed in the ship; but a long mast, while it lies upon the beach. See TALL and HIGH.