ALI, gives the denomination to a sect, or division, among the Mahometans, who adhere to the right of succession of Ali the fourth caliph or successor of Mahomet, and to the reform of Mussulmanism introduced by him. The sectaries of Ali are more particularly called Schiiites; and stand opposed to the Sunnites, or sect of Omar, who adhere to the law as left by Mahomet, Abubeker, and Omar. Ali was cousin of Mahomet, and son-in-law of that prophet, having married his daughter Fatimah. After Mahomet's death, great disputes arose about the succession. Many stood for Ali; but Abubeker was preferred, and elected the first kalif. Ali took his turn, after the death of Othman.—The Persians are the chief adherents to the sect of Ali, whom they hold to have been the legitimate successor of Mahomet, and Abubeker an usurper. On the contrary, the Turks are of the sect of Omar; and hold Ali in execution, having raised a furious civil war among the Mussulmans. The distinguishing badge of the followers of Ali is a red turban, which is worn by the Persians, who are hence called in derision, by the Turks, Kisibachi, q. d. red-heads. Ali is reputed the author of several works, particularly a Centiloquium, in great esteem among the Arabs and Persians, part of which has been published in English by Mr Ockley.