NIEPER, a large river of Europe, and one of the most considerable of the North, formerly called the Borissenes. Its source is in the middle of Muscovy, running west by Smolensko, as far as Orfa; and then turns south, passing by Mohilow, Bohacz, Kiow, Czirka, the fortrefs of Kudak, Dessau, and Oczakow, falling into the Black Sea; as also in its course it divides Little Tartary from Budziac Tartary.