PADERBORN, the capital of the above bishopric. It stands 40 miles north-west of Cassel, 50 south-east of Munster, and 60 south-west of Hanover; being a large, populous, well-built, and well-fortified city. Its name is compounded of pader, a rivulet, which rises just under the high altar of the cathedral, and born, &c. a spring. It was one of the Hanse-towns; and, till 1604, an imperial city. The cathedral is a grand fabric, inferior to few in the empire. There is a gold crucifix in it of 60 pounds weight, presented by Otho II. The university, of which the Jesuits have the direction, was founded in 1592, and the walls were built in the beginning of the 11th century. In 1530 an attempt was made to introduce Lutheranism; but 16 of the principal citizens who had embraced it were executed, and the rest obliged to abjure it. Duke Christian of Brunswick carried off from hence, in 1692, the silver images of the twelve apostles, and the silver coffin of St Lotharius; and had them coined into money, with this inscription, God's Friend, the Priest's Enemy. The trade of this town, though formerly great, is now inconsiderable; and the inhabitants subsist mostly by agriculture and breeding of cattle. Though the bishop has a palace in the city, he resides (when he vouchsafes to visit this country, which is seldom, having other and more valuable benefices) at Neuhaus, seven miles off, where he has a magnificent castle. Charlemagne and other em-
perors sometimes resided here, and held diets of the empire.