PREFECT, in ancient Rome, one of the chief magistrates who governed in the absence of the kings, consuls, and emperors.
This power was greatest under the emperors. His chief care was the government of the city, taking cog-
VOL. XV. Part II.
nizance of all crimes committed therein and within 100 miles. He judged capitally and finally, and even presided in the senate. He had the superintendence of the provisions, building, and navigation.
The prefect of modern Rome differs little from the ancient praefectus, his authority only extending to 40 miles round the city.