SHIP

SHIP, a general name for all large vessels, particularly those equipped with three masts and a bowsprit; the masts being composed of a lowermast, topmast, and top-gallant-mast: each of these being provided with yards, sails, &c. Ships, in general, are either employed for war or merchandise.

SHIPS OF WAR are vessels properly equipped with artillery, ammunition, and all the necessary martial weapons and instruments for attack or defence. They are distinguished from each other by their several ranks or classes, called rates, as follows: Ships of the first rate mount from 100 guns to 110 guns and upwards; second rate, from 90 to 98 guns; third rate, from 64 to 74 guns; fourth rate, from 50 to 60 guns; fifth rate, from 32 to 44 guns; and sixth rates, from 20 to 28 guns. See the article RATE. Vessels carrying less than 20 guns are denominated sloops, cutters, fire-ships and bombers. It has lately been proposed to reduce the number of these rates, which would be a saving to the nation, and also productive of several material advantages.

In Plate CCCCLXXX. is the representation of a first rate, with rigging, &c. the several parts of which are as follows:

Parts of the hull.—Fig. 1. A, The cathead; B, The fore-chain-wales, or chains; C, The main-chains; D, The mizen-chains; E, The entering port; F, The hawse-holes; G, The poop lanterns; H, The chester-tree; I, The head; K, The stern.

1, The bowsprit. 2, Yard and sail. 3, Gammoning. 4, Manrop. 5, Bobstay. 6, Sprit-sail-sheets. 7, Pendants. 8, Braces and pendants. 9, Halliards. 10, Lifts. 11, Clue-lines. 12, Sprit-sail-horses. 13, Bunt-lines. 14, Standing lifts. 15, Bowsprit-shroud. 16, Jib-boom. 17, Jibstay and sail. 18, Halliards. 19, Sheets. 20, Horses. 21, Jib-guy. 22, Sprit-sail-top-sail yard. 23, Horses. 24, Sheets. 25, Lifts. 26, Braces and pendants. 27, Cap of bowsprit. 28, Jack-staff. 29, Truck. 30, Jack-staff.—31, Foremast. 32, Runner and tackle. 33, Shrouds. 34, Laniards. 35, Stay and laniard. 36, Preventer-stay and laniard. 37, Woolding of the mast. 38, Foreyard and sail. 39, Horses.

Ship. Horfes. 40, Top. 41, Crowfoot. 42, Jeers. 43, Yard-tackles. 44, Lifts. 45, Braces and pendants. 46, Sheets. 47, Foretacks. 48, Bowlines and bridles. 49, Fore buntlines. 50, Fore leechlines. 51, Preventer-brace. 52, Futtock-shrouds. 53, Foretop-mast. 54, Shrouds and laniards. 55, Foretop-fail yard and fail. 56, Stay and fail. 57, Runner. 58, Backstays. 59, Halliards. 60, Lifts. 61, Braces and pendants. 62, Horfes. 63, Clew-lines. 64, Bowlines and bridles. 65, Reef-tackles. 66, Sheets. 67, Buntlines. 68, Cross trees. 69, Cap. 70, Foretop-gallant-mast. 71, Shrouds. 72, Yard and fail. 73, Backstays. 74, Stay. 75, Lifts. 76, Clewlines. 77, Braces and pendants. 78, Bowlines and bridles. 79, Flag-staff. 80, Truck. 81, Flag-stay-staff. 82, Flag of the lord high admiral. 83, Mainmast. 84, Shrouds. 85, Laniards. 86, Runner and tackle. 87, Futtock-shrouds. 88, Top-lantern. 89, Crank of ditto. 90, Stay. 91, Preventer-stay. 92, Stay-tackles. 93, Wooding of the mast. 94, Jeers. 95, Yard-tackles. 96, Lifts. 97, Braces and pendants. 98, Horfes. 99, Sheets. 100, Tacks. 101, Bowlines and bridles. 102, Crow-foot. 103, Cap. 104, Top. 105, Buntlines. 106, Leechlines. 107, Yard and fail. 108, Main-topmast. 109, Shrouds and laniards. 110, Yard and fail. 111, Futtock-shrouds. 112, Backstays. 113, Stay. 114, Stay-fail and halliards. 115, Tye. 116, Halliards. 117, Lifts. 118, Clewlines. 119, Braces and pendants. 120, Horfes. 121, Sheets. 122, Bowlines and bridles. 123, Buntlines. 124, Reef-tackles. 125, Cross-trees. 126, Cap. 127, Main-top-gallant-mast. 128, Shroud and laniards. 129, Yard and fail. 130, Backstays. 131, Stay. 132, Stay-fail and halliards. 133, Lifts. 134, Braces and pendants. 135, Bowlines and bridles. 136, Clewlines. 137, Flagstaff. 138, Truck. 139, Flagstaff-stay. 140, Flag standard. 141, Mizzenmast. 142, Shrouds and laniards. 143, Cap. 144, Yard and fail. 145, Block for signal halliards. 146, Sheet. 147, Pendant lines. 148, Peckbrails. 149, Stay-fail. 150, Stay. 151, Derrick and span. 152, Top. 153, Crossjack yard. 154, Crossjack lifts. 155, Crossjack braces. 156, Crossjack slings. 157, Mizzen-topmast. 158, Shrouds and laniards. 159, Yard and fail. 160, Backstays. 161, Stay. 162, Halliards. 163, Lifts. 164, Braces and pendants. 165, Bowlines and bridles. 166, Sheets. 167, Clewlines. 168, Stay-fail. 169, Cross-trees. 170, Cap. 171, Flagstaff. 172, Flagstaff-stay. 173, Truck. 174, Flag, union. 175, Ensign-staff. 176, Truck. 177, Ensign. 178, Stern ladder. 179, Bower cable.

Plate CCCCLXXXI. is a vertical longitudinal section of a first rate ship of war, with references to the principal parts; which are as follows:

A, Is the head containing,—1, The stem; 2, The knee of the head or cutwater; 3, The lower and upper cheek; 4, The trail-board; 5, The figure; 6, The gratings; 7, The brackets; 8, The false stem; 9, The breast hooks; 10, The haule holes; 11, The bulkhead forward; 12, The cathead; 13, The cathook; 14, Necessary seats; 15, The manger within board; 16, The bowprit.

B, Upon the forecastle—17, The gratings; 18, The partners of the mast; 19, The gunwale; 20, The belly; 21, The funnel for smoke; 22, The gangway going off the forecastle; 23, The forecastle guns.

C, In the forecastle—24, The door of the bulkhead forward; 25, Officers cabins; 26, Staircase; 27, Foretop-fail sheet bits; 28, The beams; 29, The carlings.

D, The middle gun-deck forward—30, The fore-jeez bits; 31, The oven and furnace of copper; 32, The captain's cook room; 33, The ladder or way to the forecastle.

E, The lower gun-deck forward—34, The knees fore and aft; 35, The spirketings, or the first streak next to each deck, the next under the beams being called clamps; 36, The beams of the middle gun-deck fore and aft; 37, The carlings of the middle gun-deck fore and aft; 38, The fore-bits; 39, The after or main bits; 40, The hatchway to the gunner's and boatswain's store-rooms; 41, The jeez captain.

F, The orlop—42, 43, 44, The gunner's, boatswain's, and carpenter's store-rooms; 45, The beams of the lower gun-deck; 46, 47, The pillars and the riders, fore and aft; 48, The bulkhead of the store-rooms.

G, The hold—49, 50, 51, The foot-hook rider, the floor rider, and the standard, fore and aft; 52, The pillars; 53, The step of the foremast; 54, The kelson, or false keel, and dead rising; 55, The dead-wood.

H, At midships in the hold—56, the floor-timbers; 57, The keel; 58, The well; 59, The chain-pump; 60, The step of the mainmast; 61, 62, Beams and carlings of the orlop, fore and aft.

I, The orlop amidships—63, The cable tire; 64, The main hatchway.

K, The lower gun-deck amidships—65, The ladder leading up to the middle gun-deck; 66, The lower tire of ports.

L, The middle gun-deck amidships—67, The middle tire of ports; 68, The entering port; 69, The main jeez bits; 70, Twisted pillars or flanchions; 71, The captain; 72, Gratings; 73, The ladder leading to the upper deck.

M, The upper gun-deck amidships—74, The main-top-fail-sheet bits; 75, The upper partners of the mainmast; 76, The gallows on which spare topmasts, &c. are laid; 77, The fore sheet blocks; 78, The rennets; 79, The gunwale; 80, The upper gratings; 81, The drift brackets; 82, The pifs dale; 83, The captain's hall.

N, Aft of the mainmast—84, The gangway off the quarterdeck; 85, The bulkhead of the coach; 86, The staircase down to the middle gun-deck; 87, The beams of the upper deck; 88, The gratings about the mainmast; 89, The coach or council-chamber; 90, The staircase up to the quarterdeck.

O, The quarterdeck—91, The beams; 92, The carlings; 93, The partners of the mizzenmast; 94, The gangway up to the poop; 95, The bulkhead of the cuddy.

P, The poop—96, The trumpeter's cabin; 97, The taffarel.

Q, The captain's cabin.

R, The cuddy, usually divided for the master and secretary's officers.

S, The state-room, out of which is made the bed-chamber and other conveniences for the commander in chief; 98, The entrance into the gallery; 99, The bulkhead of the great cabin; 100, The stern lights and after galleries.

T, The ward-room, allotted for the lieutenants and marine.

Ship. marine officers: 101, The lower gallery; 102, The steerage and bulkhead of the wardroom; 103, The whipstaff, commanding the tiller; 104, The after staircase leading down to the lower gun-deck.

V, Several officers cabins abaft the mainmast, where the soldiers generally keep guard.

W, The gun room—105, the tiller commanding the rudder; 106, The rudder; 107, The stern-post; 108, The tiller transom; 109, The several transoms, viz. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 110, The gun-room ports, or stern-chase; 111, The bread-room scuttle, out of the gun-room; 112, The main captain; 113, The pall of the captain; 114, The partner; 115, The bulkhead of the bread-room.

X, The bread-room.

Y, The steward's room, where all provisions are weighed and served out.

Z, The cockpit, where are subdivisions for the purser, the surgeon, and his mates.

AA, The platform or orlop, where provision is made for the wounded in the time of service; 116, The hold abaft the main-mast; 117, The step of the mizen-mast; 118, The kelson, or false keel; 119, The dead wood, or rising.

Ships of war are fitted out either at the expence of the state or by individuals. Those fitted out at the public expence are called King's ships, and are divided into ships of the line, frigates, sloops, &c. For an account of each of these, see the respective articles. Ships of war fitted out by individuals are called privateers. See the article PRIVATEER.

Armed-SHIP. See ARMED-SHIP.

Bomb-SHIP. See BOMB Vessels.

Double-SHIP. See SHIP-Building.

Fire-SHIP. See FIRE-SHIP.