LIVADIA, anciently Achaia and Hellas, or Greece properly so called; a province of Turkey in Europe, bounded on the north by Epirus and Thessaly, from which it is separated by Mount Oeta, now Banina, and by the Euripus, now the strait of Negropont; on the east, by the Archipelago; on the south, by the gulf of Engia or Egina, the isthmus of Corinth, and the gulf of Lepanto; and on the west, by the Ionian sea and part of Epirus. Its extent is about 130 miles from north-west to south-east; but its greatest breadth is not above 36 miles. It is in general a mountainous country; but neither unpleasant nor unfruitful. The principal mountains are, Mount Oeta in Bœotia, where is the famous pass of Thermopylæ, not above 25 feet broad; and Parnassus, Helicon, and Cytheron in Phœcis, which were sacred to Apollo and the muses, and consequently much celebrated by the poets. The rivers of most note are, the Sionapro, anciently the Achelous, the Cephisus, the Isthmus, and the Asopus. The province is at present divided into Livadia proper, Strumilippa, and the duchy of Athens. The principal places are, Lepanto, anciently Naupactus; Livadia, anciently Libadia or Lebadia; the celebrated city of Athens, now Setines; Thebes, now Stibes; Lepina, anciently Eleusis; Castri, formerly Delphi; and Megara.