Plate CCXCH showing various surveying levels and instruments, labeled Fig. 1 through Fig. 14.

This plate illustrates various surveying levels and instruments, each labeled with a figure number:

  • Fig. 1: A spirit level with a curved vial and adjustment screws.
  • Fig. 2: A long spirit level with a leveling screw and a small cylindrical component.
  • Fig. 3: A leveling instrument with a vertical scale and a float in a container.
  • Fig. 4: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 5: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 6: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 7: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 8: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 9: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 10: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 11: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 12: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 13: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.
  • Fig. 14: A leveling instrument with a vertical column and a base.

[Faint, illegible text block]

[Faint, illegible text block]

[Faint, illegible text block]

[Faint, illegible text block]

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. A detailed cross-sectional diagram of a leveling instrument. It shows a long horizontal bar (M) with a central V-shaped notch (K). Above the bar is a thick, dark horizontal plate (L) with a central hole. Below the bar are two rectangular blocks (L) with vertical lines, flanking the central notch. The entire assembly is supported by a base (B) with a central hole (I). Various parts are labeled with letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. A diagram showing the internal components of the leveling instrument. It features a central horizontal bar (M) with a central hole (T). Above the bar is a thick horizontal plate (L) with a central hole. Below the bar are two rectangular blocks (L) with vertical lines. The entire assembly is supported by a base (B) with a central hole (I). Various parts are labeled with letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. A simplified cross-sectional diagram of the leveling instrument. It shows a long horizontal bar (M) with a central hole (T). Above the bar is a thick horizontal plate (L) with a central hole. Below the bar are two rectangular blocks (L) with vertical lines. The entire assembly is supported by a base (B) with a central hole (I). Various parts are labeled with letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. A perspective view of the leveling instrument. It shows a long horizontal bar (M) with a central hole (T). Above the bar is a thick horizontal plate (L) with a central hole. Below the bar are two rectangular blocks (L) with vertical lines. The entire assembly is supported by a base (B) with a central hole (I). Various parts are labeled with letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. A perspective view of the leveling instrument. It shows a long horizontal bar (M) with a central hole (T). Above the bar is a thick horizontal plate (L) with a central hole. Below the bar are two rectangular blocks (L) with vertical lines. The entire assembly is supported by a base (B) with a central hole (I). Various parts are labeled with letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z.
A blank, aged page with a light beige background, showing significant water damage and staining, particularly along the right edge and bottom. Faint, illegible markings are visible near the top center.This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a light beige or cream color and exhibits significant signs of aging, including large, irregular brown stains and discoloration, particularly along the right edge and bottom. There are some very faint, illegible markings near the top center, possibly from a previous page or a watermark. The overall texture appears slightly rough and uneven due to the age and damage.
A technical plate titled 'LEVELLING. PLATE CCXCV.' containing several diagrams. The top diagram shows a curved line segment with points A, N, E, R, C and a horizontal line with points V, B, D, T. Below this are two smaller diagrams: one on the left showing a vertical line with points N, M and a horizontal line with points A, B; and one on the right showing a curve with points C, D, B and a vertical line with points A. The bottom diagram is a perspective view of a leveling instrument, showing a cylindrical base with points C, D, M, N, V, V, a vertical support with points E, F, N, and a horizontal tube with points A, B, M.

The plate contains several geometric and mechanical diagrams related to surveying and leveling.

  • Top Diagram: A large geometric figure showing a curved line segment with points A, N, E, R, C. A horizontal line passes through points V, B, D, T. Dashed lines connect various points, illustrating a leveling or projection method.
  • Left Diagram: A smaller geometric figure showing a vertical line with points N, M and a horizontal line with points A, B. Dashed lines connect points N, M, A, and B.
  • Right Diagram: A geometric figure showing a curve with points C, D, B and a vertical line with points A.
  • Bottom Diagram: A perspective view of a leveling instrument. It consists of a cylindrical base with points C, D, M, N, V, V. A vertical support with points E, F, N is mounted on top. A horizontal tube with points A, B, M is attached to the support.
A blank, aged, light brown page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf of a book. The page shows signs of wear, including creases, discoloration, and faint, illegible markings that appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side.This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a warm, light brown or tan color, characteristic of old documents. There are several visible creases and folds across the surface, particularly a prominent horizontal crease near the center. The texture of the paper appears slightly rough or fibrous. Faint, irregular brownish stains and discolorations are scattered across the page, which could be due to age, moisture, or ink bleed-through from the other side. There is no text, handwriting, or printed content on this side of the page.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1: A detailed topographic map showing a survey area with a large irregular polygon boundary. The map includes contour lines, a river on the right, and various clusters of trees. A small inset in the lower right corner shows a cross-section of a hill with two vertical poles labeled 'Fig. 1.' and 'Fig. 2.' and a horizontal line connecting them.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6: A topographic map showing a survey area with a building on the left. Fig. 5 is a horizontal line with several vertical poles and labels. Fig. 6 is a cross-section of a hill with contour lines and a river.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 7: A profile view of a hill with a building on the left. The word 'PROFILE' is written in the center. The hill has contour lines and several vertical poles with labels. Fig. 7 is labeled in the lower left corner.
A blank, aged, cream-colored page with extensive water damage and staining.This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a warm, cream-colored tone and a slightly textured surface. It is heavily marked by water damage, which appears as large, irregular, brownish-tan stains and spots scattered across the entire surface. These stains vary in intensity, with some areas appearing more discolored than others. There is no text, handwriting, or printed content on the page. The right edge of the page shows a slight vertical line, possibly indicating the binding or the edge of the paper.