CASSEL, the capital city of the landgraviate of Hesse Cassel, in the circle of the Upper Rhine in Germany; (see HESSE CASSEL). It is divided into the Old, New, and High Towns. The New Town is best built, the houses being of stone, and the streets broad. The houses of the Old Town, which is within the walls, are mostly of timber; but the streets are broad, and the market places spacious. The place is strongly fortified, but the fortifications are not regular. It contains about 32,000 inhabitants, of whom a great proportion are French Protestants. These have established several manufactories in the place, particularly in the woollen branch. It is seated on the declivity of a hill near the river Fulva, in E. Long. 9. 28. N. Lat. 51. 20.