GUSTAVUS Adolphus, surnamed the Great, king of Sweden, was born at Stockholm in 1594, and succeeded his father Charles in 1611. He espoused the cause of the Protestants in Germany, who were oppressed and almost entirely ruined by the emperor Ferdinand. He was a great warrior, and gained many victories, of which an account is given under the article SWEDEN. He was at last killed in the battle of Lutzen, where his troops got the victory, and defeated two of the emperor's armies.