SALTSBURG, an archbishopric of Germany, in the circle of Bavaria, bounded on the east by Styria and the Upper Austria, on the west by the county of Tyrol, on the north by the duchy of Bavaria, and on the south by the duchy of Carinthia and the bishopric of Brixen. It is said to be about 100 miles from east to west, and upwards of 60 from north to south. With respect to the soil, it is very mountainous, yielding, however, excellent pasturage, and, in consequence of that, abounding in cattle, and horses remarkable for their mettle and hardiness. This country is particularly noted for the great quantities of salt it produces, and its strong passes and castles. Here are also considerable mines of silver, copper, lead, iron, and lapis calaminaris, with quarries of marble, and a natural hot-bath. The principal rivers are the Salza, the Inn, the Enns, and Muer; which, as well as the lakes and other streams, are well stored with fish. The peasants here are all allowed the use of arms, and trained to military duty. There are no nobles in the country, and most of the lands belong to the clergy. The states consist of the prelates, the cities, and towns. Notwithstanding this country is under the power of a Popish ecclesiastic, and the violent, arbitrary, and oppressive manner in which the Protestants have always been treated, great numbers of them still remained in it till the year 1732, when no less than 30,000 of them withdrew from it, dispersing themselves in the several Protestant states of Europe, and some of them were even sent from Great Britain to the American colonies. Besides brass and steel wares, and all sorts of arms and artillery, there are manufactures of coarse cloth and linen here. The archbishop had many and great prerogatives: he was a prince of the empire, and perpetual legate of the holy see in Germany, of which he is also primate. He had the first voice in the diet of this circle, and next to the electors in that of the empire, in the college of princes, in which he and the archduke of Austria presided by turns. But his rights as a sovereign prince were lost when the territory was united to Austria in 1805. He had also the nomination to several bishoprics; and the canonicates that fall vacant in the months in which the popes, by virtue of the concordat, are allowed to nominate, are all in his gift. His suffragans are the bishops of Freysingen, Ratisbon, Brixen, Gurk, Chiemece, Seckan, and Lavant; and of these, the four last are nominated, and even confirmed by him and not by the pope. His revenue was
Salzburg said to amount to near 200,000. a year, a great part of it arising from the salt-works. He was able to raise 25,000 men; but kept in constant pay, besides his guards, only one regiment, consisting of 1000 men. At his accession to the see, the archbishop paid 100,000 crowns to Rome for the pall. There is an order of knighthood here, instituted in 1711, in honour of St Rupert, who was the first bishop of Salzburg, about the beginning of the 8th century. This territory, which formerly was an independent principality, was united to Austria at the peace with France in 1805. At the peace of Presburg in 1809, she was compelled to cede Salzburg to Bavaria; but she regained it in 1815, and it now forms an integrant part of the Austrian monarchy.