EXAMPLES. 1. How many marks must be received at Hamburg for 300l. sterling, exchange at 35s. 3d. Flemish per l. sterling?

L. s. d. L.
If 1 : 35 3 : : 300
12
423
300
M. sch.
32) 126000 (3965 10
96
309
288
210
192
180
160
(20)
16
320
32
(0)

Decimally.

Flem. s. Marks. Flem. s.
If 20 : 7.5 :: 35.25
4 : 1.5 :: 35.25
1.5
17625
3525
4)52.875
Marks in 1l. sterling 13.21875
300
Marks in 300l. sterling 3965.62500
16
3750
625
Schilling-lubs 10.000

2. How much sterling money will a bill of 3965 Exchange marks 10 schilling-lubs amount to, exchange at 35s. 3d. Flemish per pound sterling?

Fl. s. d. L. St. Mks. sch.
If 35 3 : 1 :: 3965 10
12 32 2
423 7930 20d.
11897

423(126000(300l. ster.
1269

Decimally.

4 : 1.5 :: 35.25
1.5
17625
2225

4)52.875(13.21875
13.21875)3965.62500(300l. ster.
3965625

Par in Ster. s. d.
12 Deniers } make 1 sol = 0 0\frac{1}{2}
20 Sols 1 livre = 0 9\frac{1}{2}
3 Livres 1 crown = 2 5\frac{1}{2}

At Paris, Rouen, Lyons, &c. books and accounts are kept in livres, sols, and deniers; and the exchange with Britain is on the crown, or ecu, of 3 livres, or 60 sols Tournois. Britain gives for the crown an uncertain number of pence, commonly between 30 and 34, the par, as mentioned above, being 29\frac{1}{2}d.

EXAMPLE I. What sterling money must be paid in London to receive in Paris 1978 crowns 25 sols, exchange at 31\frac{1}{2}d. per crown?

Sols. d. Cr. sols.
If 60 : 31\frac{1}{2} :: 1978 25
60
253
118705
253
356115
593525
237410

60)3003236|5 Rem.

8)500539 3

12)62567 11

20)5213 13

L. 260 13 11\frac{1}{2} Ans.

Cr. Sols.
1978 25, at 31\frac{1}{2}d.
d.
30 = \frac{1}{2} 247 5 0
1\frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{4} 12 7 3
\frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{8} 1 0 7\frac{1}{2}
Sols. 20 = \frac{1}{2} 0 0 10\frac{1}{2}
5 = \frac{1}{4} 0 0 2\frac{1}{2}
260 13 11\frac{1}{2}
d. Liv. L. s. d.
If 32\frac{3}{4} : 3 :: 121 18 6
8 20
865
24 2438
12
29262
24
117048
58524
Liv. sols. den.
263) 702288 (2670 5 11 Ans.
Rem. (78 = 5 sols 11 deniers.
Par in Ster. s. d. f.
1 ree = 0 0 0.27
400 rees } make 1 crusade = 2 3
1000 rees 1 millree = 5 7\frac{1}{2}

In Lisbon, Oporto, &c. books and accounts are generally kept in rees and millrees; and the millrees are distinguished from the rees by a mark set between them thus, 485 \frac{1}{2} 372; that is, 485 millrees and 372 rees.

Britain, as well as other nations, exchanges with Portugal on the millree; the par, as in the table, being 67\frac{3}{4}d. sterling. The course with Britain runs from 63d. to 68d. sterling per millree.

EXAMPLE 1. How much sterling money will pay a bill of 827 \frac{1}{2} 160 rees, exchange at 63\frac{1}{2}d. sterling per millree?

Rees. d. Rees.
If 1000 : 63\frac{1}{2} :: 827.160
8 507
8000 507 579012
413580
Rem.
8000) 419370.120 2
12) 52421 — 5d.
20) 4368 — 8s.
L. 218 8 5\frac{1}{2} Ans.
Rees.
d. 827.160, at 63\frac{1}{2}d.
60 = \frac{1}{2}
3 = \frac{1}{4} 206.790
\frac{3}{2} = \frac{1}{8} 10.395
\frac{1}{2} = \frac{1}{16} .861625
.4308125
218.4219375

The rees being thousandth-parts of the millrees, are annexed to the integer, and the operation proceeds exactly as in decimals.

d. Rees. L.
If 64\frac{1}{2} : 1000 :: 500
8 20
517
8000 10000
12
120000
8000

Rees.
517)960000000)1856.866 Ans.

Par in Ster. s. d.
35 mervadies } make 1 rial = 0 5\frac{1}{2}
8 rials 1 piastre = 3 7
375 mervadies 1 ducat = 4 11\frac{1}{2}

In Madrid, Bilbao, Cadiz, Malaga, Seville, and most of the principal places, books and accounts are kept in piastres, called also dollars, rials, and mervadies; and they exchange with Britain generally on the piastre, and sometimes on the ducat. The course runs from 35d. to 45d. sterling for a piastre or dollar of 8 rials.