IRON

IRON FURNACES

PLATE LXXXVIII.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5. A detailed cross-sectional diagram of a tall, tapered iron furnace. The furnace is built with brickwork, indicated by hatching. It has a central vertical shaft labeled 'D' that tapers from a wide base to a narrow top. The walls are labeled 'G' on the outer sides and 'H' on the inner sides. The top of the furnace has a small opening labeled 'B'.

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7. A perspective view looking down the length of a square iron furnace. The view shows the central shaft and the surrounding brickwork. Labels 'G' and 'D' are placed on the left and right sides of the central shaft, respectively.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6. A cross-sectional diagram of a smaller iron furnace. It shows a central vertical shaft labeled 'D' with a flared top. The walls are labeled 'H' on the inner sides. The furnace is built with brickwork, indicated by hatching.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. A cross-sectional diagram of a small, dome-shaped iron furnace. It has a central vertical shaft and a wide, rounded base. The walls are built with brickwork, indicated by hatching.
Fig. 3. A perspective illustration of a large iron furnace with a tall chimney. The furnace is built with brickwork, indicated by hatching. A large, conical structure is shown in front of the furnace, possibly a hopper or a collection area. The entire scene is set against a background of trees.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. A circular diagram showing a cross-section of a furnace. It consists of a ring of eight rectangular segments, each representing a brick or a section of the furnace wall. The segments are arranged in a circle, with gaps between them.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. A perspective illustration of a furnace with a tall chimney. Two large, conical structures are shown in front of the furnace, possibly representing the flow of air or the collection of materials. The furnace is built with brickwork, indicated by hatching.

1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 Feet

A blank, aged page with significant water damage and staining.This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a warm, yellowish-beige tone, characteristic of old documents. It is heavily marked by water damage, including large, irregular brown stains and smaller, more diffuse spots scattered across the surface. The texture of the paper appears slightly grainy. There is no text, handwriting, or printed content on the page.

IRON

PLATE LXXXV.

REFINERY OR RUNNING OUT FIRE

Fig. 5. A side-view diagram of a refinery or running out fire. It shows a tall chimney on the left, a central furnace structure with various pipes and valves, and a smaller structure on the right. Labels include O, P, R, S, Q, T, W, X, and Y.

Fig. 5.

Fig. 6. A plan view of the refinery structure. It shows a rectangular furnace with internal components and two smaller structures on either side. Labels include V, E, W, T, N, and Z.

Fig. 6.

Fig. 7. A detailed cross-section of a pipe or valve assembly. It shows a curved pipe with a valve at one end. Labels include S, T, and F. To the right is a circular component labeled Fig. 8. A scale bar at the bottom is labeled 'Scale of Feet' with markings from 1 to 30.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 8. A circular component, likely a valve or a cross-section of a pipe, with a central hole.

Fig. 7.

CHARCOAL BLAST FURNACE AND BLOWING MACHINE

Fig. 1. A large, detailed perspective drawing of a charcoal blast furnace. It shows the conical body of the furnace with various internal and external pipes and valves. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, and AA.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. A mechanical diagram of a blowing machine. It shows a large gear wheel (labeled II) connected to a series of smaller gears and a mechanical arm. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, and AA.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. A cross-sectional diagram of a mechanical component, possibly a valve or a part of the blowing machine. It shows a series of rollers or gears. Labels include A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, and AA.

Fig. 2.

A sepia-toned architectural site plan or map showing a large rectangular building complex with a central courtyard, a circular structure, and a tall tower-like element.This is a sepia-toned architectural site plan or map. The plan depicts a large, complex building structure with multiple wings and a central courtyard. A prominent feature is a tall, slender tower-like element rising from the center. To the right, there is a circular structure, possibly a well or a small pond, with a central point. The plan is rendered in a light, monochromatic style with some darker shading to indicate depth or specific features. The overall layout is symmetrical and formal, typical of historical architectural drawings.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. A perspective drawing of a large, multi-tiered structure, possibly a dam or a large building, with a central vertical axis and a wide, sloping base. The structure is divided into several sections, with labels A, B, C, D, E, F, and G indicating different parts. The base is labeled A, the central vertical section is labeled B, and the sloping sections are labeled E and F. The top section is labeled D. The structure appears to be made of stone or brick blocks.

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4. A plan view of a circular structure, possibly a mill or a water wheel, set within a square frame. The central part is labeled B, and the outer ring is labeled C. The entire structure is surrounded by a square frame labeled H. A vertical pipe or shaft is shown entering the center from below.

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3. A plan view of a circular structure, possibly a mill or a water wheel, with a central hub and spokes. The central part is labeled A, and the outer ring is labeled B. The entire structure is surrounded by a square frame labeled D.

Scale of Feet
1 2 3 4 5 10 20

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. A perspective drawing of a mechanical system, possibly a pump or a water wheel, with a central vertical axis and a horizontal arm. The central part is labeled B, and the arm is labeled C. The entire system is mounted on a base labeled D. The arm is connected to a large cylindrical structure labeled A. The base is labeled H.
Technical drawing of a circular component, possibly a wheel or gear, with internal radial lines and a central hub.A technical drawing of a circular component, possibly a wheel or gear, with internal radial lines and a central hub. The drawing is faint and appears to be a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
Technical drawing of a circular component, similar to the one on the left, with internal radial lines and a central hub.A technical drawing of a circular component, similar to the one on the left, with internal radial lines and a central hub. The drawing is faint and appears to be a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
Technical drawing of a vertical mechanical assembly, possibly a shaft or axle, with various components and labels.A technical drawing of a vertical mechanical assembly, possibly a shaft or axle, with various components and labels. The drawing is faint and appears to be a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
Technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a bracket or support, with various lines and labels.A technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a bracket or support, with various lines and labels. The drawing is faint and appears to be a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
Technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a base or platform, with various lines and labels.A technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a base or platform, with various lines and labels. The drawing is faint and appears to be a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
Technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a base or platform, with various lines and labels.A technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a base or platform, with various lines and labels. The drawing is faint and appears to be a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
Technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a base or platform, with various lines and labels.A technical drawing of a mechanical component, possibly a base or platform, with various lines and labels. The drawing is faint and appears to be a watermark or bleed-through from the reverse side of the page.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. A large wheel with spokes and a complex gear mechanism on the right side. The gear mechanism includes a large gear labeled 'R' and several smaller gears labeled 'F', 'Y', and 'G'.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. A large wheel with spokes and a gear mechanism on the right side. The gear mechanism includes a large gear labeled 'B' and a smaller gear labeled 'D'.
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. A detailed view of a mechanical assembly, likely a rolling mill. It shows a horizontal shaft with gears labeled 'H', 'I', and 'K'. Below this is a vertical assembly with gears labeled 'G' and 'D'. To the right are horizontal bars labeled 'N', 'L', and 'M'.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 17. A side view of a mechanical device, possibly a water-powered mill. It features a large wheel with spokes, a central gear, and a vertical shaft with various components labeled 'H', 'B', and 'G'.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. A cross-section of a brick wall being formed by a rolling mill. The wall is made of bricks, and the mill rollers are shown above it.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 13. A cross-section of a mechanical press or rolling mill. It shows a large frame with a central vertical shaft and gears.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 15. A side view of a mechanical device, possibly a water-powered mill. It features a large wheel with spokes, a central gear, and a vertical shaft with various components labeled 'G', 'B', 'A', and 'C'.

This Scale applicable to the enlarged views

A blank, aged, cream-colored page with faint, illegible markings and a vertical line on the right edge.This image shows a blank, aged, cream-colored page, likely an endpaper or flyleaf from an old book. The paper has a slightly textured appearance with some minor discoloration and faint, illegible markings that appear to be bleed-through from the reverse side. A vertical line is visible along the right edge, possibly indicating the binding or the edge of the page. There is no text or other content on this page.

Fig. 18.

A detailed cross-section of a tall, narrow brick furnace. It has a stepped structure with a central vertical shaft. The top is labeled 'D' and 'D1'. The main body is labeled 'C'. The base has two openings labeled 'B' and 'B1'.

Fig. 19.

A cross-section of a furnace showing a vertical shaft 'C' entering a chamber. Inside the chamber, there are curved paths labeled 'B' and 'B1', and a horizontal section labeled 'G'.

Fig. 6.

A mechanical assembly featuring two large circular rollers mounted on a frame. The frame has vertical supports labeled 'r' and a base labeled 'a'.

Fig. 8.

A small, simple mechanical part, possibly a pin or a small block, labeled 'I'.

Fig. 7.

A horizontal mechanical component with two circular openings and a central rectangular section, labeled 'a' and 'b'.

Fig. 20.

A cross-section of a furnace showing a large central chamber labeled 'G' and a smaller side chamber labeled 'P'.

Fig. 10.

A mechanical assembly consisting of a series of vertical rollers or teeth mounted on a central shaft.

Fig. 17.

A circular cross-section of a mechanical part with four internal segments.

Fig. 14.

A mechanical part featuring a central circular hub with a horizontal rod passing through it, mounted on a rectangular plate.

Fig. 11.

A small, solid rectangular block.

Fig. 16.

A mechanical assembly showing a curved frame with several horizontal bars and a vertical support structure.

Fig. 4.

A perspective view of a brick wall with several vertical mechanical structures, possibly rollers or supports, mounted on top of it.

General Scale of Feet.

A horizontal scale bar with markings for feet. The markings are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, and 30.

By W. Blower

Edinburgh: Published by A. Grounch & Co. 1826.

A blank, aged, cream-colored page with visible water stains and discoloration.This image shows a single, blank page of aged paper. The paper has a warm, cream-colored tone and a slightly textured appearance. It is marked by several prominent water stains and areas of discoloration, particularly in the upper left and center. These stains vary in size and intensity, ranging from small, dark spots to larger, irregular brownish patches. The overall appearance is that of an old, weathered document page.