EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES. 1. How many marks must be received at Hamburg for 300l. sterling, exchange at 35s. 3d. Flemish per 1l. sterling?

Decimally.

Flem. s. Marks. Flem. s.

Schilling-lubs 10.000

2. How much sterling money will a bill of 3965 Exchange marks to schilling-lubs amount to, exchange at 35s. 3d. Flemish per pound sterling?

Decimally.

Par in Ster. s. d.

At Paris, Rouen, Lyons, &c. books and accounts are kept in livres, sols, and deniers; and the exchange with Britain is on the crown, or ecu, of 3 livres, or 60 sols Tournois. Britain gives for the crown an uncertain number of pence, commonly between 30 and 34, the par, as mentioned above, being 29$\backslash frac\{1\}\{2\}$d.

EXAMPLE 1. What sterling money must be paid in London to receive in Paris 1978 crowns 25 sols, exchange at 31$\backslash frac\{1\}\{2\}$d. per crown?

Sols. d. Cr. sols.

60) 3003236 $\backslash frac\{1\}\{2\}$ Rem.

L. 260 13 11$\backslash frac\{1\}\{2\}$ Ans.
Z 2

In Lisbon, Oporto, &c. books and accounts are generally kept in rees and millrees; and the millrees are distinguished from the rees by a mark set between them thus, 485 × 372; that is, 485 millrees and 372 rees.

Britain, as well as other nations, exchanges with Portugal on the millree; the par, as in the table, being 67½d. sterling. The course with Britain runs from 63d. to 68d. sterling per millree.

EXAMPLE 1. How much sterling money will pay a bill of 827 × 160 rees, exchange at 63½d. sterling per millree?

The rees being thousandth-parts of the millrees, are annexed to the integer, and the operation proceeds exactly as in decimals.

2. How many rees of Portugal will 500l. sterling amount to, exchange at 5s. 4½d. per millree?

In Madrid, Bilbao, Cadiz, Malaga, Seville, and most of the principal places, books and accounts are kept in piafres, called also dollars, rials, and mervadies; and they exchange with Britain generally on the piafre, and sometimes on the ducat. The course runs from 35d. to 45d. sterling for a piafre or dollar of 8 rials.

EXAMP. 1. London imports from Cadiz goods to the value of 2163 piafres and 4 rials: How much sterling will this amount to, exchange at 38½ sterling per piafre?

2. London remits to Cadiz 345l. 18s. 8½d. How much Spanish money will this amount to, exchange at 38½d. sterling per piafre?

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5½ Soldi } make { 1 gros
24 Gros } { 1 ducat = 50½d. sterling.

The money of Venice is of three sorts, viz. two of bank money, and the picoli money. One of the banks deals in banco money, and the other in banco current. The bank money is 20 per cent. better than the banco current, and the banco current 20 per cent. better than the picoli money. Exchanges are always negotiated by the ducat banco, the par being 4s. 2½d. sterling, as in the table.

Though the ducat be commonly divided into 24 gros, yet bankers and negotiators, for facility of computation, usually divide it as follows, and keep their books and accounts accordingly.

12 Deniers d'or } make { 1 sol d'or
20 Sols d'or } { 1 ducat = 50½d. sterling.

The course of exchange is from 45d. to 55d. sterling per ducat.

EXAMP. 1. How much sterling money is equal to 1459 ducats 18 sols 1 denier, bank money of Venice, exchange at 52½ sterling per ducat?

2. How many ducats at Venice are equal to 385l. Exchange; 12s. 6d. sterling, exchange at 4s. 4d. per ducat?

Bank money is reduced to current money, by allowing for theagio, as was done in exchange with Holland; viz. say, As 100 to 120, or as 10 to 12, or as 5 to 6, so the given bank money to the current sought. And current money is reduced to bank money by reversing the operation. And in like manner may picoli money be reduced to current or to bank money, and the contrary.

100 ducats banco of Venice.

12 Denari } make { 1 soldi s. d.
20 Soldi } { 1 pezzo = 4 6 sterling.

Books and accounts are generally kept in pezzos, soldi, and denari; but some keep them in livres, soldi, and denari; and 12 such denari make 1 soldi, and 20 soldi make 1 lire.

The pezzo of exchange is equal to 5½ livres; and, consequently exchange money is 5½ times better than the lire money. The course of exchange runs from 47d. to 58d. sterling per pezzo.

EXAMP. How much sterling money is equivalent to 3390 pezzos 16 soldi of Genoa, exchange at 51½d. sterling per pezzo?

Exchange. If sterling money be given, it may be reduced or changed into pezzos of Genoa, by reversing the former operation.

Exchange money is reduced to lire money, by being multiplied by $5\backslash frac\{1\}\{2\}$, as follows:

Lires 19497 2 Lires 19497.100
And lire money is reduced to exchange money by dividing it by $5\backslash frac\{1\}\{2\}$.

Books and accounts are kept in piastres, soldi, and denari. The piastra here consists of 6 lires, and the lire contains 20 soldi, and the soldi 12 denari; and consequently exchange money is 6 times better than lire money. The course of exchange is from 47d. to 58d. sterling per piastra.