CHARACTER — 7th ed. (1842)

Characters in Commerce.

D^o ditto, the same	S or s, shillings
N^o numero, or number	d, pence or deniers
F^o folio, or page	lb pound weight
C or $\oplus$ hundredweight, or 112 pounds	R^o recto } folio
q^u quarters	V^o vero } folio
L. or l. pounds sterling	R^x rixdollar
p^r per or by, p^t ann.	D^t ducat
by the year, p^t cent.	P. S. postscript, &c.

Characters in Geometry and Trigonometry.

$\parallel$ the character of parallelism	$\sim$ equiangular or similar
$\triangle$ triangle	$\triangleq$ equilateral
$\square$ square	$\angle$ an angle
$\square$ rectangle	$\angle$ right angle
$\odot$ circle	$\perp$ perpendicular

$^\circ$ denotes a degree; thus, $45^\circ$ implies 45 degrees.
$'$ denotes a minute; thus, $50'$ is 50 minutes. $''$ , $'''$ , &c. denote seconds, thirds, and fourths; and the same characters are used when the progressions are by tens, as it is here by sixties.

Characters in Grammar, Rhetoric, Poetry, &c.

( ) parenthesis	D. D. doctor in divinity
[ ] crotchet	V. D. M. minister of the word of God
- hyphen

' apostrophe
` emphasis or accent
~ breve
.. dialysis
^ caret and circumflex
† † and * references
§ section or division
¶ paragraph
“ quotation

LL. D. doctor of laws
J. U. D. doctor of civil and canon law
M. D. doctor in physic
A. M. master of arts
A. B. bachelor of arts
F. R. S. fellow of the royal society

Characters among the ancient Lawyers, and in ancient Inscriptions.

§ paragraph	C. code
¶ digests	C. C. consules
Scto. senatus consulto	T. titulus
E. extra	P. P. D. D. propria pecunia
S. P. Q. R. senatus populusque Romanus	dedicavit
P. P. pater patriæ	D. D. M. dono dedit monumentum

Characters in Medicine and Pharmacy.

R. recipe	coch. cochleare, a spoonful
$\bar{a}$ , $\bar{aa}$ , or ana, of each alike	M. manipulus, a handful
lb a pound, or pint	P. a pugil
$\frac{1}{2}$ an ounce	P. $\bar{A}$ . equal quantities
$\frac{1}{2}$ a drachm	S. A. according to art
$\frac{1}{2}$ a scruple	q. s. a sufficient quantity
gr. grains	q. pl. as much as you please
$\beta$ or $f$ s half of any thing	P. P. pulvis patrum, the Jesuits' bark
cong. congius, a gallon

Characters upon Tomb-stones.

S. V. Siste viator, i. e. stop traveller.
M. S. Memorise sacrum, i. e. sacred to the memory.
D. M. Diis manibus.
J. H. S. Jesus.
X. P. a character found in the catacombs, about the meaning of which authors are not agreed.

Characters used in Music, and of Musical Notes with their proportions, are as follows:

$\mathbb{H}$ character of a large.....8	$\mathbb{C}$ crotchet..... $\frac{1}{4}$
$\mathbb{H}$ a long.....4	$\mathbb{C}$ quaver..... $\frac{1}{8}$
$\mathbb{H}$ a breve.....2	$\mathbb{C}$ semiquaver..... $\frac{1}{16}$
$\mathbb{O}$ a semibreve.....1	$\mathbb{C}$ demisemiquaver..... $\frac{1}{32}$
$\mathbb{Q}$ a minim..... $\frac{1}{2}$

$\times$ character of a sharp note; this character at the beginning of a line or space denotes that all the notes in that line are to be taken a semitone higher than in the natural series; and the same affects all the octaves above and below, though not marked; but when prefixed to any particular note, it shows that note alone to be taken a semitone higher than it would be without such a character.

$\flat$ or $\flat$ , character of a flat note. This is the contrary to the other above; that is, a semitone lower.

$\sharp$ character of a natural note. When in a line or series of artificial notes marked at the beginning $\flat$ or $\times$ , the natural note happens to be required, it is denoted by this character.

$\mathbb{G}$ character of the treble cliff.

$\mathbb{H}$ character of the mean cliff.

$\mathbb{D}$ : bass cliff.

$\frac{1}{2}$ or $\frac{1}{4}$ , characters of common double time, signifying the