GRONINGEN, one of the provinces of the Netherlands. It is bounded on the north by the German Ocean, on the east by the mouth of the Ems, the Dollart, and the kingdom of Hanover, on the south by the province of Bremen, and on the west by that of Friesland. It extends over 806 square miles, and contains 159,321 inhabitants. On the shore there is a tract of land from eighteen
to twenty miles in breadth, which, by being well drained Groningen and embanked, bears excellent crops of oats and some barley, and feeds a great number of cows. The butter and cheese is however inferior to what is produced in the provinces of Holland and Friesland. The land farther from the shore is generally sandy heath, producing much turf, and yielding with much care, on a large extent, a supply of potatoes. The province is divided into three circles, viz. Groningen, Windshotten, and Apingadam.