HENLEY-ON-THAMES, a town of the hundred of Buntingford, in the county of Oxford, divided from Buckinghamshire by the river Thames, over which there is an elegant bridge. It is thirty-five miles from London, and, though an ancient, is a well-built town, with a good market, which is held on Thursday. It is surrounded with the seats of nobility and gentry. The church is large and the tower lofty, and both are said to have been erected by Cardinal Wolsey. It is a borough, governed by a mayor and aldermen, and in ancient times returned two members to parliament. The population amounted in 1801 to 2948, in 1811 to 3117, in 1821 to 3509, and in 1831 to 3618.