PANTIKU

PANTIKU, a village of Asiatic Turkey, on the northeastern coast of the sea of Marmora.

END OF VOLUME SIXTEENTH.

ELEVATION OF A LOCK WITH SMALL WATER.

PLAN OF LOCK WITH SMALL WATER.

PLAN IN A TIDE LOCK.

SECTION.

ELEVATION OF TIDE LOCK.

Pantheon, one of his ships with statues. It cannot be questioned that on this occasion the Pantheon was stripped of most of its ornaments, and that the inestimable works of Longinus became the prey of this barbarian.

Before these predatory visits of the Goths and Vandals, the Christian emperors had issued orders for demolishing the Pagan temples. But the Emperor Justinian, who had motives, spared the Pantheon, which, in his opinion, was not inferior to damage from the zeal of the people. The reconstruc-
tion of the statue, before the time of the Emperor Justinian. It continued as it was until the time of the Emperor Constantine the Great, who, in 330, had ordered the Pantheon to be restored, and erected his pur-
staminus in place of the statue, and erected his pur-
pose as he as to the statue, and erected his pur-
covering of the statue, and erected his pur-
where they were, and erected his pur-

About the time when Boniface IV. had obtained the permission of the Emperor Phocas, in order to con-
struction of the Pantheon. The orders of these days were to
the Pantheon of the cathedral of the Greek and Roman
and erected every thing they laid their hands
In this part there is to be noticed certain alterations,
which we shall immediately have occasion to speak.

After the destruction of the barbarians, Rome was con-
tracted within a narrow compass. The seven hills were
abandoned; and the Campus Martius, being an even plain,
and near the Tiber, became the ground-plot of the whole
city. The Pantheon happening to stand at the entrance
of the Campus Martius, was presently surrounded with
houses, which spoiled the fine prospect; and it was still
more deplorably degraded by some of them which stood
close to its walls.

From the time when Constantius carried off the brass
plating of the entire roof, that part was exposed to the
injuries of the weather, or at least was but slightly tiled in,
till Benedict II. or even to such an extent which Leo IV.
removed in a later time. It was not until the time of
this time till that of Urban VIII. any thing was done for the Pantheon.

Stafalone, who had no equal as a painter, and who was
also an architect, but a considerable one by his work for
the restoration of the Pantheon, where he found a place,
and Pietro de la Virginia, Jacomo Uffizio, Annibale Caracci,
Francesco Vacca, and the celebrated Corelli, did the same.
All the ornaments within which have any claim to be called
good, are of later times. The paintings merit esteem; and
the statues, although not masterpieces, do honour to sculp-
ture, which alone is a proof that they are posterior to the
time of the Pantheon.

But, with all the respect due to a pontiff who was otherwise a promoter and friend of the arts, it were much to be
wished that Urban VIII. had never known that the
Pantheon existed. The inscriptions cut at the side of the
door inform us that he ordered it; yet, whilst he built on
with one hand, he pulled down with the other. He caused
two bellies constructed in a stretched taste to be erected
on the ancient front-work, and he decorated the portico of
all the remains of its ancient grandeur, namely, the bronze
covering of the cross bronze, which amounted to such a
prodigious quantity, that not only the vast canopy of the
condemnation of St Peter's was cast out of it, but likewise
a great number of cannon for the castle of St Angelo.

Alexander VII. did what Urban VIII. had neglected to
do. Whilst Bernini was constructing the colonnade of St
Peter, this pontiff ordered search to be made for pillars to
match those of the portico of the Pantheon; and some were
found not far from the French church of St Louis, which
were of the very same mould. They were granitic marble
of Ilva or Elba, and those of the portico were Italian
granite; the colour, however, was the same, and the
effect was equal. Nor did the pontiff's zeal stop here.
He caused all the old houses before the portico to be
down, and the soil and rubbish which covered the
and even the bases of some of the pillars, to be
away. He began covering the roof with marble, and
raised a lantern over the aperture, to keep out rain.
death removed him before his project was completed.
ment IX. his successor, enhanced the portico with
rude. Several later popes have added to its decoration,
which were all in the taste of the times when they
executed; and the body of the edifice and its arches
gained nothing by them. The main object of the
rality of the pontiff was the embellishment of the
alter. One sent purple curtains, another bestowed
tabernacles, and others gave vases and super-
suited to the solemn ceremonies of religion. All
might be called rich; but they had in no sense a
to relieve the ancient majesty or original splendor of
temple. The true gusto of the ornaments was a
used at the revival of the arts. Good statues
the elements and again figures which had disgraced
about for the space of eight centuries. The pan-
Pergamo, and others restored the dull mosaic with
the Greeks of Constantinople had loaded the walls
at the churches in Rome. The porphyry and the
and yellow antiques found amongst the old ruins were
wise employed to much advantage.