ELIS, now Kaloscopi, the capital of the foregoing country, was situated on a hill overhanging the river Peneus, where it issues from the mountain passes that inclose the upper part of its course into the champaign country beyond. Elis was remarkable as being the only fortified town in the country of which it is the capital; the other towns and villages, as has been already remarked, being unwalled. The history of the town is so closely identified with that of its country, that a recapitulation is here unnecessary. It long maintained its place as one of the most splendid and populous cities of Greece, though no remains of its ancient magnificence are now visible. One of the most sumptuous of its public buildings was the gymnasium, in which it was necessary that all the athletes who intended to take part in the Olympic should undergo a month's training before they were allowed to compete. The history and topography of Elis will be found very fully discussed in Leake's Morea and Curtius's Peloponnesos.