CHALONS-SUR-MARNE (the ancient Catalauni or Duro-catalauni), the capital of an arrondissement of the same name, and of the department of Marne, France, stands on the right bank of the Marne, here crossed by a fine stone bridge, 93 miles east of Paris, with which it is connected by a railway. In early times this was a place of considerable importance, having been embellished and fortified by the Romans; and was the scene of two celebrated battles, the one fought in 273, when Tetricus was defeated by the forces of Aurelian, and the other in 451, when Attila, king of the Huns, was defeated by Aëtius and his allies. Chalons is irregularly and ill built, surrounded by old walls, the houses being mostly of wood, lath, and plaster. It has, however, some fine public buildings, as the cathedral, originally built about 450, and mostly rebuilt in 1672; the churches of Notre Dame, St Alpin, and St Jean, town-hall, barracks, and the residence of the prefect. It is the seat of a bishopric, and has tribunals of primary instance and commerce, an agricultural society, communal college, two seminaries, schools of arts and trades, theatre, and a public library of 20,000 volumes. The Jard is a magnificent promenade to the east of the town, covering an area of 19 acres. Chalons has manufactures of woollen, linen, and cotton goods, leather, &c., and a considerable trade in corn, wine, hemp, and wool. Pop. (1851) 14,468.