DEAN (Fr. doyen, the eldest of a corporation; Lat. decanus, from decem, one set over ten persons), in England, is an ecclesiastical dignitary in a cathedral or a collegiate church, and the head of a chapter. He is the second dignitary of a diocese; and was so named because originally he was set over ten canons or prebendaries. In former times the dean was elected by the chapter, in virtue of a cons d'élire from the king, and letters missive of recommendation; but in the chapters founded by Henry VIII. out of the spoils of the monasteries, the deanery is donative, and the installation merely by royal letters patent.
A Rural Dean, or arch-presbyter, had jurisdiction originally over ten churches; but afterwards he became only the bishop's substitute, to grant letters of administration, probate of wills, &c. The office is now merged in that of the archdeacon and chancellor.