CLONMEL, a parliamentary and municipal borough of Ireland, partly in the south riding of Tipperary and partly in Waterford county, 10½ miles S.W. from Dublin. It is built on both sides of the Suir, and on Moore and Long Islands, which are connected with the mainland by 3 bridges. The principal buildings are, the parish church, 3 Roman Catholic chapels, 2 convents, endowed school, model school under the national board, mechanics' institute, court-house and prison, fever hospital and dispensary, lunatic asylum, market-house, barracks, savings-bank, and workhouse. Till the Union the woollen manufacture was extensively carried on here. The town contains a brewery, distillery, flour-mills, a cotton factory, and has a considerable export trade
oil is most commonly used, sometimes purified in various ways, and sometimes not purified at all. We believe, however, that animal oil is better than any of the vegetable oils, as some of them are too thin, while others soon get thick and viscid. For turret clocks and common house clocks, good sperm oil is fine enough, and is probably the best. For finer work the oil requires some purification. Even common neat's foot oil may be made extremely fine and clear by the following method:—mix it with about the same quantity of water and shake it in a large bottle, not full, until it becomes like a white soup; then let it stand till fine oil appears at the top which may be skimmed off; it will take several months before it has all separated into water at the bottom, dirt in the middle, and fine oil at the top. And it should not be done in hot weather, because heat makes some oil come out as fine, which in cold weather would remain among the dirty oil in the middle, and in cold weather that fine oil of hot weather will become muddy. There are various vegetable oils sold at tool shops as oil for watches, including some for which a prize medal was awarded in the Exhibition, but not by any of the mechanical juries; we have no information as to the test which was applied to it, and none but actual use for a considerable time would be of much value. We have heard of 5 per cent. in power being saved in a manufactory by the use of sperm, instead of sweet oil, to small spindles requiring constant lubrication. See DIPLEIDOSCOPE. (E.B.D.)
in grain, cattle, butter, and provisions. The river is navigable for barges of 50 tons to Waterford. Clonmel is a station on the Waterford and Limerick railway, and the centre of a system for the conveyance of travellers on light cars, extending over a great part of Leinster, Munster, and Connaught. It is governed by a corporation, consisting of a mayor, free burgesses, and a commonalty, and returns one member to parliament. Electors (1853) 328. Pop. (1851) 15,203. Market-days, Tuesday and Saturday. Two newspapers are published here, each twice a-week.