ORANGE, a town of France, capital of an arrondissement of the same name, in the department of Vaucluse, in the middle of a beautiful and fertile plain, about 3 miles from the left bank of the Rhone, and 13 north of Avignon. Many of the houses are handsome; but the streets are narrow, crooked, and not well kept. There are several elegant public fountains, well supplied with water. The most remarkable and splendid buildings are those which have remained from the time of the Romans, under whom Orange was known by the name of Arausio. About one-fourth of a mile from the town stands a triumphal arch in very good preservation, built of limestone of a deep yellow tint, in the Corinthian style of architecture. It has one central archway, with two smaller ones at the sides, and is profusely adorned with sculptures of naval trophies. No inscription can be traced on the arch, except the single word "Mario," which has led to the supposition that it was erected to commemorate the victory of Marius over the Teutones at Aix in 102 B.C.; but it is with probability believed that the arch is of much later date. The Roman theatre stands on the slope, and at the foot of a hill at the other end of the town, and is of semicircular form. The chord of the semicircle is formed by a colossal wall 121 feet high, 334 long, and 13 thick. The exterior of this wall forms a magnificent front of five stories, with a large central archway supported by Corinthian pillars. In the interior are to be seen all the parts of an ancient theatre, though entirely stripped of its ornaments. Near the theatre are the remains of an ancient circus; and many sculptures, pillars, and slabs of marble have been found in the town. There are still some traces of the walls that surrounded the ancient Arausio, which, from the extent of these defences, may have contained a population of 40,000. The modern town contains a court of the first instance, a council of prud'hommes, a public library, college, &c. In the middle ages, Orange was the capital of a small independent principality, which belonged to several families, and finally to that of Nassau. The territory was ceded to France by Frederick William of Prussia at the treaty of Utrecht; but the title has still continued in the family of Nassau, and is now borne by the heir to the throne of Holland. Orange has manufactures of silks, cottons, handkerchiefs, serge, &c.; and there is some trade in corn, wine, brandy, oil, honey, and wool. Pop. (1856) of the town, 9685; of the arrondissement, 75,260.