RICHARD, the name of three English kings. Richard I., surnamed Cœur de Lion (the "Lion-hearted"), was born in 1157, succeeded his father Henry II. in 1189, and was killed by an arrow at the siege of the castle of Chaluz in 1199. Richard II., the son of the Black Prince, was born in 1366, succeeded his grandfather Edward III. in 1377, was deposed by Bolingbroke in 1399, and is said to have been put to death in Pontefract Castle in 1400. Richard III., the son of Richard, Duke of York, was born in 1452, usurped the crown from his nephew Edward V. in 1483, and was slain on Bosworth field in 1485. (See ENGLAND.)