ROTHENBURG, a town of Bavaria, in the circle of Middle Franconia, in a beautiful situation on the ridge of a hill on the Tauber, 29 miles S.S.E. of Würzburg. It is encircled with a turreted wall and a moat, and contains in the market-place a fine old town-hall in various architectural styles. The principal church of St James is an old and fine specimen of pure pointed Gothic, containing some interesting works of art. The town is supplied with water by a forcing-pump, which raises it from the river to the summit of a tower. Weaving is carried on here, and there are many vineyards in the vicinity. Rothenburg is a place of great antiquity, and it was one of the head-quarters of the insurgents in the Peasants' War of 1525. Pop. 5650.