SCHOLZ, JOHANN MATTHIAS AUGUST, a German philologist, was born at Kapsdorf, in Prussian Silesia, on 8th February 1794. He studied languages and theology at the Roman Catholic College of Breslau. He began his critical labours on the text of the New Testament, and visited Austria, England, France, Switzerland, and Italy, in quest of the necessary materials. His Novum Testamentum Grace appeared in 2 vols., in 1830-35. Having joined the expedition under Minutoli for the exploration of Egypt, the travellers subsequently disagreed and parted; but Scholz pursued his journey through Egypt, Palestine, and Syria, and published a selection from his diary in 1822. In 1823 he was chosen professor of theology at the University of Bonn. He published his Handbuch of Biblical Archaeology in 1834, and died in 1852.