SPALDING, JOHANN JOACHIM, one of the best pulpit orators of Germany, was born on the first of November 1714, at Triebsee, in Swedish Pomerania. After having studied with success at Rostock and Griewalder, he rose through various posts until, in 1757, he was appointed first preacher at Barth. He likewise began to publish his various theological works about this period, which were received with high approbation by the German public. His fame both as an author and as an orator had become so great, that he was invited to be provost and preacher at the Nicolaikirche in Berlin, and he was subsequently chosen a member of the chief consistory. The sermons of Spalding were characterised by profound thought, animated feeling, luminous arrangement, and eloquent and forcible language. Although written at a comparatively early period in the history of the German language, they contain few words that a modern reader would wish to blot. The "Religionsedict" subsequently issued by the mystics put a check upon the free thought and free expression of Germany, and as it came recommended by royal mandate, Spalding had to resign his various offices. He went into retirement, and died on the 2d of March 1804, at the great age of 90 years. The principal of Spalding's works are:—Ueber die Bestimmung des Menschen, 1748; Gedanken über den Werth der Gefühle in dem Christenthum, 1761; Ueber die Nutzbarkeit des Predigtamts, 1772; Religion, eine Angelegenheit des Menschen, 1797; and his Selbstbiographie, 1804. His son, Georg Ludwig Spalding, edited the latter volume with notes. Born at Barth in 1762, the younger Spalding pursued his studies at Göttingen and Halle. After returning from a tour through Germany, Switzerland, France, England, and Holland, he returned to Berlin, and was appointed professor in 1787. He subsequently became engrossed in an edition of Quintilian which he had engaged to complete, and he refused numerous situations of more emolument and of greater influence, solely on account of this elegant old author. After spending nineteen years on it, during which time he only published 3 volumes, he died in 1811, and left his darling task to be completed by other hands.