MÜHLHAUSEN, a town of Prussia, in the government of Erfurt, pleasantly situated on the Unstrut, 29 miles N.W. of Erfurt. It is surrounded by walls with towers, and was formerly a free town of the empire. It has four churches, of which the High Church is the most handsome; a high school; and several hospitals and other benevolent institutions. Manufactures of leather, linen and woollen fabrics, and tobacco are carried on; and there are also breweries and distilleries in the town, and copper and iron mines in the neighbourhood. Mühlhausen was in 1524 the head-quarters of the Anabaptist rebel and fanatic Munzer, who excited to insurrection a large number of peasants from the surrounding country. The town preserved its liberty and popular government till 1802, when it was ceded to the kingdom of Prussia, to which it has since belonged. Pop. 13,723.