ANHALT-BERNBURG, the most western of the three duchies, has an area of 339 square miles, and is divided into two separate duchies. The upper duchy lies on the side and at the foot of the Hartz Mountains, and though generally mountainous and woody, it has some fine valleys. The lower duchy, situated on the Saale and Elbe, is generally flat, and in some parts marshy. The climate of the lower duchy is temperate and mild, while that of the upper is cold and humid. The mines in the neighbourhood of the Hartz Mountains yield copper, silver, iron, lead, sulphur, and gypsum. It is divided into nine amts or bailiwicks, each of which has a chief town of the same name, viz., Bernburg, Plötzkau, Mühlhagen, and Koswick, in the lower duchy; and Bal-
lenstedt, Hartzgerode, Günthersberge, Gernrode, and Hoym, in the upper. The revenue for 1851-2 amounted to 808,888 thalers, about L.121,333, and the expenditure was 806,828 thalers, or L.121,024.
It has some mediatised possessions in the province of Saxony. Pop. in 1849, 50,411; of whom 837 were Jews. This duchy furnishes a contingent of 370 men to the Germanic Confederation, and has a standing army of 300 men. The public debt amounts to 2,100,000 thalers, or L.315,000.
ANHALT-COETHEN has an area of 318 square miles, and consists of four distinct parts intermingled with the territories of surrounding princes. The most compact part is that which lies around the capital, and the most distant lies on the right bank of the Elbe. It is generally a level plain, with a sandy soil, but for the most part well cultivated and very productive. It is divided into six aunts, viz., Coethen, Neinsdorf, Wulffen, Nienburg, Warmsdorf, and Roslau. Population in 1849, 43,120, almost all engaged in agricultural and pastoral pursuits. The possessions of this duchy in Southern Russia comprise an area of 230 square miles. The principality of Plesse in the Prussian province of Silesia, which was held by the late duke, passed, at his death, to the Count of Hochberg. The revenue and expenditure for the year 1851-2, were respectively 449,888 thalers, or L.67,483. It furnishes to the federal army a contingent of 325 men.