AREQUIPA, the most southern of the seven departments into which the republic of Peru is divided. It lies along the Pacific between Lat. 15. and 21. S. and Long. 69. and 75. W.; having on the north the departments of Lima,
Ayacucho, and Puno; and on the east and south, Bolivia. Its chief productions are silver, nitrate of soda, guano, sheep, alpaca wool, sugar, wine, and brandy. It is divided into seven provinces. The chief town of the department has the same name, and lies in the fertile valley of Quilca, 7775 feet above the level of the sea, in Lat. 16. 30. S. Long. 71. 48. W. This city is handsome and well built, with a cathedral, a college, a hospital, several nunneries and convents, and a bronze fountain in its great square. It has a very considerable trade, with manufactures of woollen and linen goods, and gold and silver ornaments. It is subject to frequent earthquakes; but the climate is mild and salubrious. Behind the city rise three lofty mountains, one of which, called the peak of Misti, is an active volcano, and rises to the height of 18,373 feet. Pop. 20,000.
ARES (Ἀρης), son of Zeus and Hera, the god of war among the Greeks, identified by the Romans with their own Mars. From this word was derived ἀρετή, virtue, as also ἀρετός, ἀριστος, &c., the earliest idea of excellence being connected with martial superiority.
ARETEUS of Cappadocia, a Greek physician of the sect of the Pneumatists, who, according to some, lived in the reign of Augustus; according to others, under Trajan or Hadrian. He wrote, in the Ionian dialect, several treatises on acute diseases and other medical subjects, some of which are still extant. The best edition of his works is that of Boerhaave, in Greek and Latin, with notes, printed in 1731; that printed at Oxford in 1723, in folio, is also much esteemed; and an excellent edition by C. G. Kühn, was published at Leipzig in 1828.