BENTIVOGLIO, GIOVANNI, was born at Bologna in 1443, two years before the murder of his father Annibale, then the chief magistrate of the republic. In 1462 Giovanni contrived to make himself master of the state, which he continued to rule with a stern sway for nearly half a century; but his encouragement of the fine arts, and his decoration of the city by sumptuous edifices, gilded his usurpation. He was finally expelled by Pope Julius II., in 1506, and died in the state of Milan at the age of seventy.