JACOBITES, THE, were those who, at the English Revolution in 1688, adhered to the cause of the dethroned king, James II. Some, as Middleton, Melford, &c., shared his exile, and formed his little court at St Germain. In Ireland the adherents of the Stuarts rose in rebellion, but were vanquished by force of arms. In Scotland attempts were made in 1715 and 1745 by the descendants and adherents of James II. to expel the House of Hanover. Both were unsuccessful, and involved the ruin of many noble families. It is now known that during the reign of Queen Anne, Marlborough, Bolingbroke, and others in the government, were secretly intriguing, whether sincerely or not, for the restoration of the banished house of Stuart. See BRITAIN.