JAEN, the capital of the above province, stands on an acclivity near the River Jaen, a tributary of the Guadalquivir, 37 miles N. of Granada, and 120 miles E. of Seville, in N. Lat. 37. 48., and W. Long. 3. 47. Its position is very important in a military point of view, defending, as it does, the mountain road into Granada. On the top of the hill behind the town there is a castle, with which the walls of the city are connected. The streets rise above each other on this hill-side, and are irregularly built, narrow, and dirty. The principal public building is the cathedral, a Greco-Roman structure, erected in 1525, on the site of an old Moorish mosque. In it is preserved the relic called "El Santo Rostro," or the impression of our Lord's face on the handkerchief of St Veronica. Jaen was long in the hands of the Moors, and has suffered many sieges. In 1808 it fell into the hands of the French under Cassagne, who committed great atrocities on the inhabitants. Jaen is the see of a bishop, conjointly with the town of Baeza. Besides the cathedral, the town contains 12 churches and 15 convents. The manufactures, now unimportant, consist of silk, woollen cloths, and mats. But the trade of the place is brisk, from its situation, surrounded by the most fertile lands. Pop. (1845) 17,327.