JOHN, King of France, surnamed "The Good," was born in 1319, and succeeded his father, Philippe de Valois (Philip V.) in 1350. He was defeated at Poitiers in 1356 by the Black Prince, and died in London in 1364. French historians generally style him John II., to distinguish him from John I., the title of a posthumous son of Louis X., who died in 1316 at the age of a few months. See FRANCE.
JOHN I., King of Castile and Leon, was born in 1358, came to the throne in 1379, and died in 1390. John II., born in 1405, and died in 1454. See SPAIN.
JOHN I., King of Portugal, born in 1357, usurped the throne in 1384, and died in 1433. John II., surnamed "the Perfect," son of Alphonso and Isabella, was born in 1455, and succeeded his father in 1481. After a brilliant but stormy reign of fourteen years, he died in 1495. John III., son of Emmanuel the Great and Mary of Castile, was born in 1502, mounted the throne in 1521, and died in 1557. John IV., son of Theodore, seventh Duke of Braganza, and head of that house, was born in 1604. His native country had at this time become an appanage of Spain. He headed the Portuguese in throwing off the Spanish yoke, was elected king in 1640, and died in 1666. John V., son of Peter II. and Elizabeth of Bavaria, was born in 1689, and mounted the throne in 1705. After a forty-five years' reign of almost unbroken peace, he died in 1750. John VI., born in 1767, began at the age of twenty-six to reign in the name of his imbecile mother. Spending his life alternately in Portugal and Brazil, he settled in Portugal in 1821, and died in 1826. See PORTUGAL.
JOHN I., King of Sweden, was the son of Sverker the Younger, and was thence called Sverkersson. He reigned from 1216 to 1222. John II. of Sweden and I. of Denmark, was the son of Christian I. of the House of Oldenburg, and was born in 1455. He was proclaimed King of Norway and Denmark in 1483, and finally of Sweden in 1497. Expelled from the latter kingdom in 1512, he retired to Denmark, where he died in the following year. John III. of Sweden, son of Gustavus Vasa, was born in 1537, usurped the throne in 1568, and died in 1591. See SWEDEN, and DENMARK.