PESARO-E-URBINO, a province of the Papal States, bounded on the N. and N.E. by the Adriatic, S.E. by the province of Ancona, S. by that of Perugia, and W. by that of Forlì and by Tuscany; area, 1407 square miles. It entirely surrounds the republic of San Marino. The surface slopes gradually from the W., where it is mountainous, being divided from Tuscany by the range of the Apennines, which sends off several branches towards the sea, in which direction also the rivers of the province flow. The principal of these are the Foglia (anc. Pisaurus), the Metauro (anc. Metaurus), with its affluent the Cantiano; the Cesano; and the Misa. The mountainous parts of the province are generally barren; but the hills afford excellent pasturage, and their lower slopes are covered with vines, olives, and mulberry trees. The lower grounds are fertile and well cultivated, producing corn, pulse, hemp, flax, and various fruits. Cattle, sheep, and pigs are fed on the pastures in large numbers; and considerable attention is paid to bees and silk-worms,—the silk of Fossumbrone, a town in the province, being considered the finest in Europe. The chief mineral found is coal, which is obtained in the vicinity of Pesaro. Pop. (1853) 257,751.