ZÜRICH, the capital of the above canton, at the foot of the Lake of Zürich, on both sides of the Limmat, which here issues from the lake, 60 miles N.E. of Berne. The river, which is crossed by four bridges, divides it into two parts, the Great and the Little town; the former of which, on the right bank, is built on the slope of a hill, while the latter occupies more level ground. The greater part of Zürich consists of narrow and crooked streets, lined with tall old houses, and has very much of the appearance of a mediæval town. Recently, however, especially in the Little town, many good new streets and buildings have been constructed. The town is fortified, and on the walls and bastions there are promenades commanding beautiful views. Among the public buildings are the cathedral, in the Byzantine style, built in the eleventh century, and interesting as the place where Zwingli first preached the doctrines of the Reformation; the church of St Peter, of which Lavater was minister for some time; several other churches; the large and massive town-hall, where formerly the Swiss diets met periodically; the town library; the arsenal, containing a collection of ancient arms, including the bow said to have been used by Tell in shooting the apple from his son's head; a theatre; and a post-office. The university, founded in 1834, occupies the buildings of an ancient convent, and had in 1858-9 twenty-seven professors and eighty-two students. In this university Dr Strauss was appointed professor of theology in 1839, but expelled by a popular rising. Attached to the university is a museum and a botanic garden, and the town has also schools of veterinary science, industry and design, a deaf-mute institution, a lunatic asylum, and other educational and charitable institutions. There are here important manufactures of silk and cotton, and an active trade is carried on. Zürich was the birthplace of the two Gesners, Lavater, and Pestalozzi. Pop. 17,040.