TOLEDO, a province of Spain, in New Castile, bounded on the N. by those of Avila and Madrid, E. by that of Cuenca, S. by that of Ciudad-Real, and W. by that of Caceres. Area 5620 square miles. The surface is throughout lofty, and in a great part of its extent mountainous. Towards the centre, indeed, there are extensive plains or tablelands, but the whole of the south and east is occupied by the mountains of Toledo, which separate the waters of the Tagus on the north from those of the Guadiana on the south. These hills are of no great height; and they were once densely covered with forests, which have now been partly cut down, although there are still woods and groves of considerable extent on their lower slopes. Branches of this chain enclose the province on the east and west; and part of the range that stretches north of the Tagus approaches its north-western frontier. Among these hills there are many deep and narrow glens, secluded from one another, and from the level country. The province is watered by the Tagus, and many of its affluents, such as the Tajuna, Jarama, Guadarama, Alberche, and Tietar, from the north; and the Algodor, Torcon, Pusa, Sangrera, and Cedron from the south. The Guadiana forms for some distance the south-west frontier; and its tributary, the Guiguela, waters the eastern part of the province. The country is very rich in minerals, containing veins of gold, silver, lead, iron, quicksilver, copper, and tin; and coal, alum, cinnabar, &c., are also found. The soil produces corn, pulse, potatoes, oil, wine, flax, oranges, lemons, melons, chestnuts, &c. The number of sheep and goats is few, of horses and mules still less; and the only oxen in the province are those used in agriculture. Bees and silkworms are kept in considerable numbers. The produce of the country is sufficient, but very little more than sufficient, for the home consumption. Manufactures once flourished here, but are now in a very low state; silk and woolen cloth, earthenware, soap, and swords, being almost the only articles made. The little trade of Toledo consists in the exportation of the manufactured articles. Pop. (1857) 328,755.