LIEGNITZ, the capital of the above government, is situated at the confluence of the Schwarzwasser and Kartzbach, on the Berlin and Breslau Railway, 40 miles W.N.W. of the latter town. It was formerly a place of some strength, but its ramparts are now laid out in public gardens, and only its four gates remain entire. The town, though old, is handsomely built and pleasantly situated. Its old castle has been mostly rebuilt since a fire, which destroyed a great part of it in 1834. In the Fürsten Capelle are monuments of the princes of the line of Piast, a family which, from 775 to 1675, when it became extinct, gave twenty-four kings to Poland, and 123 dukes to Liegnitz. This town is the seat of superior, judicial, and other courts for the government; and has a gymnasium, a Ritter academy for the education of the sons of Silesian noblemen, an orphan asylum, two hospitals, workhouse, and theatre. The chief manufactures are woollen, linen, and cotton stuffs, starch, beer, and tobacco. There are numerous gardens in the vicinity, and the gardeners are reported to be the most skilful of any in Silesia. Here, on 16th August 1760, Frederick the Great totally defeated the Austrians. Pop., including military (1849), 14,934.