in rhetoric, a figure by which the orator, in a vehement commotion, turns himself on all sides, and applies to the living and dead, to angels and to men, to rocks, groves, &c. Thus Adam, in Milton's Paradise Lost,

O woods, O fountains, hillocks, dales, and bowers, With other echo, &c.

in grammar, the contraction of a word by the use of a comma; as call'd for called, tho' for though.