in anatomy, the same with intestines. See p. 259, &c.

Bower, in gardening, a place under covert of trees, differing only from an arbour, as being round or square, and made with a kind of dome or ceiling at top; whereas the arbour is always built long and arched.

Bower, in the sea-language, the name of an anchor carried at the bow of a ship. There are generally two bowers, called first and second, great and little, or beef and small bower. See Anchor.

Bowess, or Bowet, in falconry, a young hawk, when he draws anything out of her nest, and covets to clamber on the boughs.

Bowge, or Bouche of court. See Bouche.

Bowl denotes either a ball of wood, for the use of bowling; or a vessel of capacity, wherein to hold liquors.

Bowls and buckets of wood, imported, pay a duty of 9½½ d. the dozen; whereof 8½½ d. is repaid on exporting them.

Bowler stones, small stones, of a roundish figure, and no determinate size, found on the sea-shore and banks or rather channels of rivers.

Bowling, the art of playing at bowls. The first thing to be observed in bowling is, the right chusing your bowl, which must be suitable to the ground you design to run on. Thus, for close alleys, the flat bowl is the best; for open grounds of advantage, the round balled bowl; and for plain and level swards, the bowl that is as round as a ball. The next is to chuse your ground; and, lastly, to distinguish the risings, fallings, and advantages of the places where you bowl.

Bowling, or Bow-line, in a ship, a rope made fast to the leech or middle part of the outside of the sail; it is fastened by two, three, or four ropes, like a crow's foot. foot, to as many parts of the sail; only the mizen bow-line is fastened to the lower end of the yard. This rope belongs to all sails, except the sprit-sail and sprit top-sail. The use of the bow-line is to make the sails stand sharp or close, or by a wind.

Sharp the bow-line, is hale it taught, or pull it hard. Hale up the bow-line, that is, pull it harder forward on. Check or safe, or run up the bow-line, that is, let it be more slack.

Bowling-bridles, are the ropes by which the bow line is fastened to the leech of the sail.

Bowling-knot, a knot that will not slip, by which the bow-line bridle is fastened to the cringles.

Bowling-green, a kind of parterre, laid with fine turf, designed for the exercise of bowling. See Bowling.

Bow-net, among sportsmen. See Net.

Bow-saw, among artificers. See Saw.

Bowse, in the sea-language, signifies as much as to hale or pull. Thus bowling upon a tack, is halting upon a tack. Bowse away, that is, pull away all together.

Bow-sprit, or Bolt-sprit, a kind of mast, resting slopewise on the head of the main stern, and having its lower end fastened to the partners of the fore-mast, and farther supported by the fore-stay. It carries the sprit-sail, sprit top-sail, and jak-staff; and its length is usually the same with that of the fore-mast.

Bow-sprit-ladder. See Ladder.

Bowyers, artificers whose employment or occupation it is to make bows. There is a company of bowyers in the city of London, first incorporated in 1623.

Box, in its most common acceptation, denotes a small chest or coffer for holding things.

Fire-boxes, or tinder-boxes, pay, on importation, a duty of 3s. 10½d. the grofs; whereof 3s. 4½d. is repaid on exportation. Wooden money-boxes pay 3s. 7½d. the grofs; whereof 3s. 2½d. is repaid on exportation. Neat-boxes pay 11s. 6½d. the grofs; whereof 10s. 1½d. is repaid. Pepper-boxes pay 4s. 3½d.; whereof 3s. 9½d. is repaid. French boxes, for marmalade or jelly, pay each dozen 3s. 7½d.; whereof 1s. 9½d. is repaid. Sand-boxes pay 3s. 10½d. the grofs; whereof 3s. 4½d. is repaid. Snuff-boxes, if of wood, pay 2s. 4½d. the dozen; whereof 2s. 1½d. is repaid: if of horn, they pay 4s. 9½d. the dozen; 4s. 3½d. being drawn back: if of ivory or tortoise-shell, they pay 9s. 6½d. the dozen; whereof 8s. 7½d. is drawn back. Soap-boxes pay 7s. 8½d., the shock, containing sixty boxes. Spice-boxes pay 1s. 1½d. the dozen. Tobacco-boxes, pay 5s. 9½d. the grofs. Touch-boxes, covered with leather, pay only 6½d. the dozen; but if the leather be the most valuable part, they pay 6s. 11½d. for every 20s. value upon oath: if covered with velvet, they pay 2s. 10½d. the dozen: and if of iron, or other metal gilt, they pay 3s. 10½d. the dozen: in all which cases, a proportionable draw-back is allowed.

Box is also used for an uncertain quantity or measure: thus a box of quicksilver contains from one to two hundred weight; a box of prunellas, only 14 pounds; a box of rings for keys, two grofs, &c.

Box of a plough, the cross-piece in the head of a plough, which supports the two crow-flares. See Plough.

Box, or Box-tree, in botany, the English name of the buxus. See Buxus.

Boxberg, a town of Germany, in Franconia, belonging to the elector palatine.

Boxtel, a town of Dutch Brabant, situated on the river Bommel, about eight miles south of Boisleduc, in 5° 16' E. long. and 51° 30' N. lat.

Boxthude, a town of the duchy of Bremen, in Germany, about fifteen miles west of Hamburg, and subject to the elector of Hanover; E. long. 9° 16', and N. lat. 53° 50'.

Boyar, a term used for a grandee of Russia and Transylvania.

Beckman says, that the boyars are the upper nobility; and adds, that the Czar of Muscovy, in his diplomas, names the boyars before the waywodes. See Waywode.

Boyau, in fortification, a ditch covered with a parapet, which serves as a communication between two trenches. It runs parallel to the works of the body of the place, and serves as a line of contravallation, not only to hinder the fallies of the besieged, but also to secure the miners. But when it is a particular cut that runs from the trenches to cover some spot of ground, it is drawn so as not to be enfiladed, or scoured by the shot from the town.

Boyer, a small vessel of burden, resembling a smack, with only one mast and a bolt-sprit.

Boyes, idolatrous priests among the savages of Florida.

Every priest attends a particular idol, and the natives address themselves to the priest of that idol to which they intend to pay their devotion.

The idol is invoked in hymns, and his usual offering is the smoke of tobacco.

Boyne, a river of Ireland, which, taking its rise in Queen's county, in the province of Leinster, runs north-east by Trim and Cavan, and falls into the Irish channel, a little below Drogheda.

Bozolo, a town of the duchy of Mantua, about 12 miles south-west of that city; E. long. 11°, and N. lat. 44° 40'.

Bquadro, Quadrato, or Durale, in music, called by the French b quarte, from its figure 4. This is what we call B natural or Sharp, in distinction to B mol or flat. See Flat, and Sharp.

If the flat b be placed before a note in the thorough bass, it intimates, that its third is to be minor; and if placed with any cipher over a note in the bass, as b 6, or b 5, &c., it denotes, that the fifth or sixth thereto are to be flat. But if the quadro b be placed over any note, or with a cipher, in the thorough bass, it has the contrary effect; for thereby the note or interval thereto is raised to its natural order.

Brabant, a large province of the Netherlands, lying eastward of Flanders; the greater part of it is subject to the house of Austria, the capital Brussels; and the rest to the Dutch, their capital Breda.