the ground upon which an army pitch their tents. It is marked out by the quarter-master general, who appoints every regiment their ground.

The chief advantages to be minded in choosing a camp for an army, are, to have it near the water, in a country of forage, where the soldiers may find wood for dressing their victuals; that it have a free communication with garrisons, and with a country from whence it may be supplied with provisions; and, if possible, that it be situated on a rising ground, in a dry gravelly soil. Besides, the advantages of the ground ought to be considered, as marshes, woods, rivers, and inclosures; and if the camp be near the enemy, with no river or marsh to cover it, the army ought to be intrenched. An army always encamps fronting the enemy; and generally in two lines, running parallel about five hundred yards distance; the horse and dragoons, on the wings, and the foot in the centre: Sometimes a body of two, three, or four brigades is encamped behind the two lines, and is called the body of reserve. The artillery and bread-wagons are generally encamped in the rear of the two lines. A battalion of foot is allowed eighty or an hundred paces for its camp; and thirty or forty for an interval betwixt one battalion and another. A squadron of horse is allowed thirty for its camp, and thirty for an interval, and more if the ground will allow it.

The disposition of the Hebrew encampment was at first laid out by God himself. Their camp was of a quadrangular form, surrounded with an inclosure of the height of ten hands-breadth. It made a square of twelve miles in compass about the tabernacle; and within this was another, called the Levites camp. The Greeks had also their camps, fortified with gates and ditches. The Lacedemonians made their camp of a round figure, looking upon that as the most perfect and defensible of any form: We are not, however, to imagine, that they thought this form so essential to a camp, as never to be dispensed with when the circumstance of the place required it. Of the rest of the Grecian camps, it may be observed, that the most valiant of the soldiers were placed at the extremities, the rest in the middle. Thus we learn from Homer, that Achilles and Ajax were posted at the ends of the camp before Troy, as bulwarks on each side of the rest of the princes.

The camps of the Romans were generally of an exact square form, or else oblong; though this, without doubt, was often accommodated to the situation of the place. They were always fortified, and a very exact discipline maintained in them, in order to prevent surprises from the enemy.

Camp is also used, by the Siamese, and some other nations in the E Indies, as the name of the quarters which they assign to the foreigners who come to trade with them.

In these camps, every nation forms, as it were, a particular town, where they carry on all their trade, not only keeping all their ware-houses and shops there, but also live in these camps with their whole families. The Europeans, however, are so far indulged, that at Siam, and almost everywhere else, they may live either in the cities or suburbs, as they shall judge most convenient.