surgery, the operation of gelding. It was prohibited by a decree of the senate of Rome under Hadrian; and the Cornelian law subjected the person who performed the operation, to the same penalties as the person on whom it was performed, although it was done with his consent.

Calibration is much in use in Asia and Turkey, where it is practised upon the slaves, to prevent any commerce with their women. In Italy, calibration is frequent from another motive, namely, to preserve the voice for singing. It is sometimes found necessary in surgical cases, as in a sarcocele and cancer of the testicles. For the method of performing this operation, see Surgery.