an assemblage of several bodies or societies, or of several persons into one society.

College, among the Romans, served indifferently for those employed in the offices of religion, of government, the liberal, and even mechanical arts and trades; so that, with them, the word signified what we call a corporation or company.

Each of these colleges had distinct meeting-places or halls; and likewise, in imitation of the state, a treasury and common chest, a register, and one to represent them upon public occasions, and acts of government. These colleges had the privilege of manumitting slaves, of being legates, and making by-laws for their own body, provided they did not clash with those of the government.

There are various colleges on foot among the moderns, founded on the model of those of the ancients. Such are the three colleges of the empire, viz.

COLLEGE of electors, or their deputies, assembled in the diet of Ratibon.

COLLEGE of princes, the body of princes, or their deputies, at the diet of Ratibon.

COLLEGE of cities, is, in like manner, the body of deputies which the imperial cities send to the diet.

COLLEGE of cardinals, or the Sacred College, a body composed of the three orders of cardinals. See Cardinals.

College is also used for a public place endowed with certain revenues, where the several parts of learning are taught.

An assemblage of several of these colleges constitute an university. The erection of colleges is part of the royal prerogative, and not to be done without the king's licence. See University.

COLLEGE of civilians, commonly called Doctors-commons, founded by Dr Harvey, dean of the arches, for the professors of the civil law residing in the city of London. The judges of the arches, admiralty, and prerogative court, with several other eminent civilians, commonly reside here.

To this college belong thirty-four proctors, who make themselves parties for their clients, manage their causes, give licenses for marriages, &c.

In the common hall of Doctors-commons are held several courts, under the jurisdiction of the civil law, particularly the high court of admiralty, the court of delegates, the arches court of Canterbury, and the prerogative court of Canterbury, whose terms for sitting are much like those at Westminster, every one of them holding several court-days; most of them fixed and known by preceding holidays, and the rest appointed at the judge's pleasure.

COLLEGE of physicians, a corporation of physicians in London, whose number, by charter, is not to exceed eighty. The chief of them are called fellows, and the next candidates, who fill up the places of fellows as they become vacant by death, or otherwise. Next to these are the honorary fellows; and lastly, the licentiates, that is, such as being found capable, upon examination, are allowed to practice physic.

This college has several great privileges granted by charter and acts of parliament. No man can practice physic in or within seven miles of London, without license of the college, under the penalty of £1. Also, persons practicing physic in other parts of England are to have letters testimonial from the president and three elects, unless they be graduate physicians of Oxford or Cambridge. Every member of the college is authorized to practice surgery in London or elsewhere; and that they may be able at all times to attend their patients, they are freed from all parish-offices.

The college is governed by a president, four censors, and twelve electors. The censors have, by charter, power to survey, govern, and arrest all physicians, or others, practicing physic in or within seven miles of London; to fine, amerce, and imprison them at discretion; to search apothecaries shops, &c. in and about London; to see if their drugs, &c. be wholesome, and the compositions according to the form prescribed by the college in their dispensaries; and to burn, or otherwise destroy, those that are defective or decayed, and not fit for use.

In 1696, forty-two members of the college made a subscription, to set on foot a dispensary for the relief of the sick poor, who are advised gratis every day but Sunday. Sunday, and medicines sold at the intrinsic value: since this they have erected two other dispensaries.

**College of Justice**, in Scots law, the supreme civil court of Scotland; otherwise called Court of Session, or, of council and session. See **Scots Law**, title, Supreme judges and courts of Scotland.

**Sion College**, or the college of the London clergy, was formerly a religious house, next to a spital or hospital; and now it is a composition of both, viz. a college for the clergy of London, who were incorporated in 1631, at the request of Dr White, under the name of the president and fellows of Sion-college; and an hospital of ten poor men, the first within the gates of the house, and the latter without.

This college consists of a president, two deans, and four assistants, who are annually chosen from among the rectors and vicars in London, subject to the visitation of the bishop. They have one of the finest libraries in England, built and stocked by Mr Simpson, chiefly for the clergy of the city, without excluding other students on certain terms; they have also a hall with chambers for the students, generally filled with the ministers of the neighbouring parishes.

**Gresham College**, or College of Philosophy, a college founded by Sir Thomas Gresham, who built the Royal-exchange; a moiety of the revenue whereof he gave in trust to the mayor and commonalty of London, and their successors for ever, and the other moiety to the company of mercers; the first to find four able persons to read in the college divinity, astronomy, music, and geometry; and the last, three or more able men to read rhetoric, civil law, and physic; a lecture upon each subject is to be read in term-time, every day, except Sundays, in Latin, in the forenoon, and the same in English in the afternoon; only the music-lecture is to be read alone in English. The lecturers have each £50 per annum, and a lodging in the college.

In this college formerly met the royal society, that noble academy, celebrated throughout the world for their improvements in natural knowledge. See Society.

**College of Heralds**, commonly called the heralds of office, a corporation founded by charter of king Richard III, who granted them several privileges, as to be free from subsidies, tolls, offices, &c. They had a second charter from king Henry VI.; and a house built near Doctors commons, by the earl of Derby, in the reign of king Henry VII. was given them by the duke of Norfolk, in the reign of queen Mary, which house is now rebuilt.

This college is subordinate to the earl-marshal of England. They are assistants to him in his court of chivalry, usually held in the common hall of the college, where they sit in their rich coats of his majesty’s arms. See Herald.

**Collegiate churches**, those which though though no bishop’s see, yet have the retinue of the bishop, the canons and prebends. Such are, among us, Westminster, Windsor, Rippon, Wolverhampton, Southwell, Manchester, &c. governed by deans and chapters.

**Collet**, among jewelers, denotes the horizontal face or plane at the bottom of brilliants. See Brilliant.

**Collet**, in glass-making, is that part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instrument wherewith the metal was taken out of the melting pot: these are afterwards used for making green glass.

**Colletics**, in pharmacy, denote much the same with agglutinants or vulneraries. See Vulnerary.

**Collinsonia**, in botany, a genus of the decandria monogynia clas. The corolla is unequal, the inferior lip being multitudinous and capillary. It has but one seed. There is only one species, a native of Canada.

**Colliquamentum**, in natural history, an extreme transparent fluid in an egg, observable after two or three days incubation, containing the first rudiments of the chick. It is included in one of its own proper membranes, distinct from the albumen. Harvey calls it the oculus.

**Colliquation**, in chemistry, is applied to animal, vegetable, and mineral substances, tending towards fusion. See Fusion.

**Colliquation**, in physic, a term applied to the blood, when it loses its cribs or balsamic texture; and to the solid parts, when they waste away, by means of the animal fluids flowing off through the several glands, and particularly those of the skin, faster than they ought: which occasions fluxes of many kinds, but mostly profuse, greasy, and clammy sweats.

**Colliquative fever**, in physic, a fever attended with a diarrhoea, or profuse sweats.

**Collision**, the striking of one hard body against another; or the friction or percussion of bodies moving violently with different directions, and dashing against each other. See Mechanics.

**Collurio**, in ornithology. See Lanius.

**Collusion**, in law, a secret understanding between two parties, who plead or proceed fraudulently against each, to the prejudice of a third person.

**Collum**, the same with neck. See Neck, and Cervix.

**Collyrium**, in pharmacy, a topical remedy for a disorder of the eyes; designed to cool and repel hot, sharp humours.

They are generally of two kinds, the one liquid, and the other dry: liquid collyriums are composed of ophthalmic powders in waters, as rose-water, plantain-water, or that of fennel, eye-bright, &c. wherein putty, white vitriol, or some other proper powder, is dissolved.

The dry collyrium is troches of rhais, sugar-candy, putty prepared, &c. blown into the eye.

**Colocasia**, in botany. See Arum.

**Colocynthis**, in botany. See Cucumis.

**Cologne**, the capital of the circle of the Lower Rhine, in Germany, situated on the Rhine, about forty-five miles east of Maastricht; E. long. 6° 40', N. lat. 50° 50'. It is one of the largest and most elegant cities of Germany, being the see of an archbishop, who is one of the electors of the empire, and has a yearly revenue of 130,000l. COLOGNE-earth, a kind of very light bastard ochre, of a deep brown colour.