in ornithology, a genus belonging to the order of passerine birds. The bill is conical, strait, and sharp-pointed. There are no less than thirty species comprehended under this genus, distinguished principally by varieties in their colour.

1. The brown fringilla with a tawny neck, and white spots on the wings and hinder part of the back.

It is the Carolina ortolan of Catesby, and is a bird of the island of Cuba; only the hens pass into Carolina in the autumn. 2. The fringilla with black limbs, and the wings white on both sides; the three first feathers of the tail are without spots, but two of the chief are obliquely spotted. It is the chaffinch of English authors, and is a bird of Europe. 3. The fringilla, with the base of the wings underneath of a deep yellow colour. It is the brambling or mountain finch of English authors, and is a bird of Europe. 4. The brown fringilla, with a reddish breast and shoulders, and the black wings marked with a reddish spot: It is an inhabitant of Sweden. 5. The fringilla with a blackish spotted head, and a white spot behind the eyes. It is the greater chaffinch of Albin, and is found in Lapland. 6. The fringilla with the limbs, wings, and tail black, only the outermost from the middle externally white. It is a bird of Sweden. 7. The grey fringilla, spotted with black, has a space running from the bill to the sides of the neck black. It is the thornburgher, akin to the lark of Edwards, and is a bird of South America. 8. The black fringilla, with a reddish gloos, and a reddish belly, with a white spot on the wings, is the American black sparrow with red eyes, of Catesby. 9. The fringilla, with the quill-feathers red forwards, and the outermost without any spots; the two outermost are white in the middle, as the rest are at the point. This is the goldfinch of English authors. 10. The fringilla with a red face and tail, the belly undulated with white and black, and the back green. It is the green goldfinch of Edwards, and is a Chinese bird. 11. The fringilla with purple tail-feathers, with the hinder halves black. It is the amaduva of Albin, and an inhabitant of the East Indies. The cock is all over purple; but the hen is ash-coloured, except the bill and tail. 12. The green fringilla with a red head, a yellow collar, and a blue breast. It is the red-headed green finch of Edwards. 13. The fringilla all over red, is the red fly-catcher of Catesby, and is a bird of America. 14. The yellow fringilla, with a black forehead and brown wings, is the American goldfinch of Catesby. 15. The fringilla with a black head, a tawny breast, and a white streak on the wings and above and below the eyes, is the Bahama finch of Catesby. 16. The fringilla with a wedge-like tail, a reddish body, a red bill, and the temples, rump and belly of a violet colour, is the red and blue Brazilian finch of Edwards. 17. The green fringilla, with the supercilium, breast and belly yellow, but the prime feathers of the wings are white on the outer edge. It is the Indian green finch of Edwards, and is found in Madera. 18. The fringilla with a whitish body and bill, and the prime feathers of the wings and tail greenish. This is the Canary bird of English authors, and is found in the Canary islands. 19. The fringilla with the prime feathers of the wings yellow in the middle, and the fore first chief tail-feathers without spots; but they are yellow at the base, and black at the points. It is the siskin of English authors, and haunts places where juniper-bushes grow. 20. The brown fringilla, with a flame-coloured crest, is the brown linnet of Klein. 21. The brown fringilla, with a yellow bill, is an European bird, as are also the two former. 22. The fringilla, with the prime feathers of the wings, and the chief feathers of the tail black, but white on the edges. It is the greater red-headed-linnet of Ray, and is a bird of Europe. 24. The fringilla, with a brown back, and a blue belly and tail, is the blue-bellied finch of Edwards, and is found in Africa. 25. The violet-coloured fringilla, with the forehead and under part of the body of a deep yellow colour; the back, neck, prime feathers of the wings, and upper part of the tail are of a bluish black colour; but the forehead, breast, belly, and under part of the neck are of a deep yellow. The bill is exceeding short, triangular, black and crooked at the point. 26. The fringilla with the chief feathers of the tail brown, and the outermost marked with a wedge-like spot; the body is variegated with grey and black, and the head is black. It is the reed sparrow of English authors, and is a bird of Europe. 27. The fringilla with the prime feathers of the wings and tail brown, the body variegated with grey and black, and a single white streak on the wings. This is the house-sparrow of English authors, and is an European bird. 28. The fringilla with the prime feathers of the wings and tail brown, the body variegated with grey and black, and a double white streak on the wings. This is the mountain-sparrow of Ray, and is a bird of Europe. 29. The ferruginous fringilla, with a black head and a blue bill, is the Chinese sparrow of Edwards. 30. The black fringilla, with a white belly, is the American snow-sparrow of Catesby.