a country situated between seven and nineteen degrees east long, and between thirty-eight and forty-seven degrees north latitude, bounded by Switzerland, and the Alps, which separate it from Germany, on the north; by the gulph of Venice, on the east; by the Mediterranean sea, on the south; and by the same sea and the Alps, which separate it from France, on the west; and if we include Savoy, which lies indeed on the west side of the Alps, between Italy and France, we must extend it a degree farther west: this is usually described, however, with Italy, as it is contiguous to Piedmont, and has the same sovereign, being a province of the king of Sardinia's dominions. Italy is said to resemble a boot, and is in length from north-west to south-east 600 miles; the breadth is very unequal; in the north, which may be called the top of the boot, it is about 400 miles broad from east to west; in the calf of the leg, or middle, it is about 120 miles broad; and towards the south, about the instep, eighty miles broad; and comprehends the following countries or subdivisions. 1. In the north are the duchies of Savoy, Piedmont, and Montserrat; the territories of Genoa; the duchies of Milan, Mantua, Parma, Modena, and the territories of Venice. 2. In the middle of Italy, are the duchy of Tuscany, the pope's dominions, and the state of Lucca. 3. And in the south is the kingdom of Naples.