is defined to be a piece of sculpture in full relief, representing a human figure.

Statues are formed with the chisel of several matters, as stone, marble, platter, &c. They are also cast of various kinds of metals, particularly gold, silver, brass, and lead.

Every statue, resembling the person it is intended to represent, is called statua iconica. Statues acquire various other denominations. 1. Thus allegorical statue, is that which, under a human figure, or other symbol, represents something of another kind, as a part of the earth, a season, age, element, temperament, hour, &c. 2. Carole statues, are those which are represented in chariots drawn by bigae, or quadrigae, that is, by two or four horses; of which kind there were several in the circuses, hippodromes, &c. or in cars, as we see some, with triumphal arches, on antique medals. 3. Equestrian statue, that which represents some illustrious person on horseback, as that famous one of Marcus Aurelius, at Rome; that of king Charles I. at Charing-cross, king George II. in Leicester-square, London; king Charles II. in the Parliament-close, Edinburgh; king William III. at the cross, Glasgow; &c. 4. Greek statue, denotes a figure that is naked and antique; it being in the manner the Greeks represented their deities, athlete of the Olympic games, and heroes: statues of the heroes were particularly called Achillean statues, by reason of the great number of figures of that prince in most of the cities of Greece. 5. Hydraulic statue, is any figure placed as an ornament of a fountain or grotto, or that does the office of a jet d'eau, a cock, spout, or the like, by any of its parts; the like is to be understood of any animal serving for the same use. 6. Pedestrian statue, a statue standing on foot; as that of king George II. in the royal infirmary, Edinburgh; that of king Charles II. in the royal-exchange, London; and of king James II. in the privy-Gardens. 7. Roman statue, is an appellation given to such as are cloathed, and which receive various names from their various dresses. Those of emperors, with long gowns over their armour, were called statua paludatae: those of captains and cavaliers, with coats of arms, thoracate: those of soldiers, with cuirasses, loricate: those of senators and augurs, trabeate: those of magistrates, with long robes, togate: those of the people, with a plain tunica, tunicate: and lastly, those of the women, with long trains, stolate. The Romans had another division of statues into divine, which were those consecrated to the gods, as Jupiter, Mars, Apollo, &c.; Heroes, which were those of the demi-gods, as Hercules, &c.; and Augusti, which were those of the emperors, as those two of Cæsar and Augustus under the portico of the capitol. In repairing a statue cast in a mould, they touch it up with a chisel, graver, or other instrument, to finish the places which have not come well off: they also clear off the barb, and what is redundant in the joints and projections.