(anc. geog.) a people of the province of Batia in Spain. See Batica.

**Bastoigne**, a small town of the Netherlands, in the duchy of Luxemburg. E. Long. 6°. N. Lat. 50°. 10'.

**Baston**, in law, one of the servants to the warden of the Fleet-prison, who attended the king's courts with a red staff, for taking into custody such as are committed by the court. He also attends on such prisoners as are permitted to go at large by licence.

**Baston**, or **Butten**, in architecture, a moulding in the base of a column, called also a **tore**.

**Baston**, **Baton**, or **Batane**. This word is French, and signifies a staff or cudgel; it should be spelt **Baton**; but is, by most English writers, corruptly spelt as above. It is only borne in English coats-of-arms, as a badge of illegitimacy; but French heralds introduce it in arms as a difference, or mark of consanguinity.

**Baston** (Robert), a Carmelite monk, afterwards prior of the convent of that order at Scarborough, and also poet laureat and public orator at Oxford, flourished in the fourteenth century. King Edward I. in his expedition into Scotland in 1304, took Robert Barton with him, in order to celebrate his victories over the Scots; but our poet being taken prisoner, was obliged to change his note, and sing the successe of Robert Bruce. He wrote several books in Latin, on the Wars of Scotland, the Luxury of Priests, Synodical Sermons, &c.; and also a volume of tragedies and comedies, in English. He died about the year 1310.

**Bastonado**, **Bastonade**, the punishment of beating or drubbing a criminal with a stick. The word is formed of the French **baton**, a stick, or staff. The bastonade is a punishment used both among the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Jews, and still obtains among the Turks. The Romans called it **flagitatio**, **flagitium admodum**, or **flagitium sedi**; which differed from the **flagellatio**, as the former was done with a stick, the latter with a rod, or scourge. The flagellation was a lighter punishment, and inflicted on freemen; the flagellation a feverer, and referred for slaves. It was also called **typanum**, because the patient here was beat with sticks, like a drum.—The punishment is much in use in the east to this day. The method there practised is thus: the criminal being laid on his belly, his feet are raised, and tied to a stake, held fast by officers for the purpose; in which posture he is beaten by a cudgel on the soles of his feet; back, chin, &c. to the number of 100 or more blows.

**Bastwick** (Dr. John), born at Writtle in Essex, in 1593; practised physic at Colchester; but being a man of warm imagination, and a good Latin scholar, applied himself to writing books against popery. About the year 1633, he printed in Holland a Latin treatise intitled, *Elenchus religiosi Papilice*, with *Flagellum pontificum et episcoporum Latium*; in which the English prelates thinking themselves also aimed at, he was fined L. 1000 in the high commission court, excommunicated, prohibited practising physic, his books ordered to be burnt, and himself to remain in prison until he made a recantation. Instead of recanting, he wrote in prison, *Apologeticus ad presules Anglicanos*; and another book called, *The Litany*; wherein he severely exclaimed against the proceedings of that court, and taxed the bishops with an inclination towards popery. Pryme and Barton coming under the lash of the star chamber-court at the same time, they were all sentenced as scandalous factious persons, condemned to a fine of L. 5000 each, to be pilloried, to lose their ears, and to perpetual imprisonment in three remote parts of the kingdom. The parliament in 1640 reversed these proceedings; and ordered Dr. Bastwick a reparation of L. 5000 out of the estates of the commissioners and lords who had prosecuted him, which the ensuing confusions prevented his receiving; however, his wife had, in 1644, an allowance ordered for her and her husband's maintenance. What became of him afterward, is not known.